Arsenic and human health effects: A review

Abdul, Khaja Shameem Mohammed; Jayasinghe, S; Chandana, E. P. S.; Jayasumana, Channa; Silva, P. Mangala C.S. De

doi:10.1016/j.etap.2015.09.016

Cited by 707 publications

(189 citation statements)

References 238 publications

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“…ADI (mg kg −1 day −1 ) is the estimated dose the receptor (assumed to be an adult in the following representative equation) receives from air exposure and was calculated according to the following Equation (8):…”

Section: Risk Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heavy Metals Size Distribution in PM10 and Environmental-Sanitary Risk Analysis in Acerra (Italy)

et al. 2018

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Abstract:The present research has been focused on the evaluation of seasonal changes in mass concentrations and compositions of heavy metals in Particular Matters (PM) 10 collected from a typical urban-industrial site in Acerra, a city located in an area called "triangle of death". No significant (p < 0.05) seasonal variation was evidenced for the PM 10 concentration, but in all the seasons (except for autumn) exceedances of daily concentrations (50 µg m −3 ) were observed. Airborne PM was analyzed for these heavy metals: Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, V and Zn, which represented about 8% of the PM 10 concentrations. None of the metals classified by IARC as carcinogenic in humans (group 1) exceeded on average the annual EU's and Italy's limit. For the mentioned heavy metals the enrichment factors (EnFs) were analyzed and highlighted high enrichment for Cd, Sb, Pb, As, Cu and Zn. Principal component analysis (PCA) for the heavy metals in PM 10 identified oil combustion, vehicle and industrial emissions as major sources. To assess the health risk related to the inhalation to airborne PM 10 metals, we applied the Cancer Risk (CR) and Target Hazard Quotient (THQ). The results showed that the CR was similar for a child and an adult, while the THQ proved to be higher for a child than for an adult. The low PM metals risk in the urban industrial site was in agreement with the ongoing lowering trend of metals in Italy and Europe.

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Section: Risk Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, available literature evidently demonstrates that the fetal exposure to arsenic induces epigenetic effects and causes higher pathological sensitivity in elder adults. The main emissions of As come from metal smelters and combustion of fuels [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy Metals Size Distribution in PM10 and Environmental-Sanitary Risk Analysis in Acerra (Italy)

et al. 2018

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“…Specifically, metal(loid) contamination in agricultural soils close to both active and abandoned mining sites is recognized as a serious problem [2]. Chronic exposure to metal(loid)s can have adverse effects on humans [3]. Studies show that Cd, Pb, and As are non-essential elements, likely causing mutagenic, teratogenic and carcinogenic effects at low exposure levels [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Bioaccessibility and Exposure Risk of Metal(loid)s in Local Residents Near a Mining-Impacted Area, Hunan, China

Zhuang

Sun

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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Metal(loid) contamination of food crops and soils resulting from mining activities has been a major concern due to the potential risk to humans. In this study, a total of 36 rice (home-grown and market rice), 38 vegetable, 10 drinking water, 4 river water, 18 soils and 30 urine samples were collected from an abandoned mining area or the local residents in China. Results showed that metal(loid) levels in some of the soil and drinking water samples exceeded the Chinese standard. Rice Cd concentration, rice Pb levels, and vegetable Pb levels exceeded the maximum permissible concentrations in 49%, 68%, and 42% of the samples, respectively. In gastric phases, the average Cd, Pb and As bioaccessibilities in rice were 72%, 70%, and 82%. In gastrointestinal phases, the average Cd, Pb and As bioaccessibilities in rice were 49%, 39%, and 94%. Vegetables (pak choi was selected) showed lower metal(loid) bioaccessibility than rice. The median concentrations of Cd, Pb and As in urine were 3.99, 4.82 and 64.8 µg L−1, respectivley. Rice had the highest contribution rates of Cd and Pb for daily intake, accounting for 114% and 210%, respectively. Vegetables contributed less, and very little contribution came from drinking water. Based on the bioaccessibility data, metal(loid) contamination around the mining area poses a great exposure risk to the local residents through consumption of food crops.

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“…Exposure to arsenic has been associated with cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome (Singh et al 2011, Maull et al 2012, Kim et al 2015, Mohammed Abdul et al 2015). It has been suggested that arsenic alters common pathways such as those involved in oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling, which underlie a variety of arsenic-associated diseases (States et al 2009, Straif et al 2009, Mo et al 2011, Kim et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monomethylarsonous acid, but not inorganic arsenic, is a mitochondria-specific toxicant in vascular smooth muscle cells

Pace

Banerjee

Welch

et al. 2016

Toxicology in Vitro

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Arsenic exposure has been implicated as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancer, yet the role mitochondrial dysfunction plays in the cellular mechanisms of pathology is largely unknown. To investigate arsenic-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), we exposed rat aortic smooth muscle cells (A7r5) to inorganic arsenic (iAs(III)) and its metabolite monomethylarsonous acid (MMA(III)) and compared their effects on mitochondrial function and oxidative stress. Our results indicate that MMA(III) is significantly more toxic to mitochondria than iAs(III). Exposure of VSMCs to MMA(III), but not iAs(III), significantly decreased basal and maximal oxygen consumption rates and concomitantly increased compensatory extracellular acidification rates, a proxy of glycolysis. Treatment with MMA(III) significantly increased hydrogen peroxide and superoxide levels compared to iAs(III). Exposure to MMA(III) resulted in significant decreases in mitochondrial ATP, aberrant perinuclear clustering of mitochondria, and decreased mitochondrial content. Mechanistically, we observed that mitochondrial superoxide and hydrogen peroxide contribute to mitochondrial toxicity, as treatment of cells with MnTBAP (a mitochondrial superoxide dismutase mimetic) and catalase significantly reduced mitochondrial respiration deficits and cell death induced by both arsenic compounds. Overall, our data demonstrates that MMA(III) is a mitochondria-specific toxicant that elevates mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial sources of ROS.

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Arsenic and human health effects: A review

Cited by 707 publications

References 238 publications

Heavy Metals Size Distribution in PM10 and Environmental-Sanitary Risk Analysis in Acerra (Italy)

Heavy Metals Size Distribution in PM10 and Environmental-Sanitary Risk Analysis in Acerra (Italy)

Oral Bioaccessibility and Exposure Risk of Metal(loid)s in Local Residents Near a Mining-Impacted Area, Hunan, China

Monomethylarsonous acid, but not inorganic arsenic, is a mitochondria-specific toxicant in vascular smooth muscle cells

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