Arsenic and heavy metals health risk assessment through drinking water consumption in the Peshawar District, Pakistan

Khan, Sardar; Rauf, Rabia; Muhammad, Said; Qasim, Muhammad; Din, Islamud

doi:10.1080/10807039.2015.1083845

Cited by 72 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The mean values of the EC (809.44 µS/cm), which were much higher than the standard values (300-500 µS/cm), indicate salt enrichment in the study area [56]. The high level of such contaminants could be attributed to the domestic wastewater contamination from chemicals and woolen mills, soap, and marble industries [57] or the underground geology of the adjacent regions in which limestone/calcareous quartzite are the most common [49,58]. The results show that groundwater is safe for drinking in terms of nitrate concentration, which is the most important parameter in water quality assessment because its high concentration in drinking water affects bottle-fed infants, for example, cyanosis (discoloration of the skin) and methemoglobinemia [18].…”

Section: Classification and Mapping Of The Groundwater Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 75%

A Simple Approach of Groundwater Quality Analysis, Classification, and Mapping in Peshawar, Pakistan

et al. 2019

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Groundwater is an important source of water for drinking, agriculture, and other household purposes, but high population growth, industrialization, and lack of oversight on environmental policies and implementation have not only degraded the quality but also stressed the quantity of this precious source of water. Many options existed, but this study evaluated, classified, and mapped the quality of groundwater used for potable consumption with a simple approach in an urban area (Peshawar valley) of Pakistan. More than 100 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for physio-chemical parameters in a laboratory. Hierarchal clustering analysis (HCA) and classification and regression tree (CART) analysis were sequentially applied to produce potential clusters/groups (groundwater quality classes), extract the threshold values of the clusters, classify and map the groundwater quality data into meaningful classes, and identify the most critical parameters in the classification. The HCA produced six distinct potential clusters. We found a high correlation of electrical conductivity with t o t a l h a r d n e s s ( R 2 = 0.72 ), a l k a l i n i t y ( R 2 = 0.59 ) and c h l o r i d e ( R 2 = 0.64 ) , and, t o t a l h a r d n e s s with c h l o r i d e ( R 2 = 0.62), and a l k a l i n i t y ( R 2 = 0.51). The CART analysis conclusively identified the threshold values of the six classes and showed that t o t a l h a r d n e s s was the most critical parameter in the classification. The majority of the groundwater was either with worse quality or good quality, and only a few areas had the worst groundwater quality. This study presents a simple tool for the classification of groundwater quality based on several aesthetic constituents and can assist decision makers develop and support policies and/or regulations to manage groundwater resources.

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Section: Classification and Mapping Of The Groundwater Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 75%

A Simple Approach of Groundwater Quality Analysis, Classification, and Mapping in Peshawar, Pakistan

et al. 2019

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“…Ensuring safe drinking water for the protection of human health is a challenge for the entire world. Due to rising industrialization, there are numerous pollutants that enter drinking water sources, such as As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb, Hg, and Ni [1,2]. Among the many pollutants, arsenic poses serious health risks and is considered a toxic pollutant when found in drinking water [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymeric Nanocomposites of Iron–Oxide Nanoparticles (IONPs) Synthesized Using Terminalia chebula Leaf Extract for Enhanced Adsorption of Arsenic(V) from Water

Saif

Tahir

Asim

et al. 2019

Colloids and Interfaces

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This study demonstrates the ecofriendly synthesis of iron-oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) and their stabilization with polymers, i.e., chitosan (C) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-alginate (PA), along with a further investigation for the removal of arsenic(As(V)) from water. IONPs with an average diameter of less than 100 nm were prepared via a green synthesis process using an aqueous leaf extract of Terminalia chebula. Batch experiments were conducted to compare the removal efficiency of As(V) by these adsorbents. Factors such as pH and adsorbent dosages significantly affected the removal of arsenate As(V) by IONPs and polymer-supported reactive IONPs. Several adsorption kinetic models, such as pseudo first-order, and pseudo second-order Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, were used to describe the adsorption of As(V). The removal of As(V) by IONPs follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The highest monolayer saturation adsorption capacity as obtained from the Langmuir adsorption isotherm for IONPs was 28.57 mg/g. As(V) adsorption by polymer-supported IONPs best fit the Freundlich model, and maximum adsorption capacities of 34.4 mg/g and 40.3 mg/g were achieved for chitosan-and PVA-alginate-supported IONPs, respectively. However, among these absorbents, PVA-alginate-supported IONPs were found to be more effective than the other adsorbents in terms of adsorption, stability, and reusability.Among the various water treatment technologies, adsorption seems to be a more convenient and effective method for the removal of heavy metals in terms of cost and simplicity of process [10]. Iron and related adsorbents are popular for the remediation of water pollutants [11]. The intervention of nanotechnology opened a new horizon in the field of water purification [12]. Iron nanoparticles (NPs), which possess a high surface area and surface reactivity, are effectively used for water treatment [13,14]. Zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVIs) and iron oxide nanoparticles, such as Fe 2 O 3 and Fe 3 O 4 NPs, are among those commonly employed for the remediation of environmental pollution, particularly for the decontamination of water [15][16][17][18]. Magnetic nanoparticles and modified magnetic nanoparticles were found to be very effective for the removal of arsenic because of their strong adsorption activities, and they can be easily separated by employing an external magnetic field [19][20][21]. Evidence of the particle size influence on the ability to remove (adsorb) arsenic from water was observed, as smaller nanoparticles were found to exhibit more adsorption capacity and faster kinetics due to their higher specific surface area, shorter intraparticle diffusion distance, and larger number of surface reaction sites of nanoparticles [22,23]. The nanopowder form of metal oxides/hydroxides provides a high surface area for increased adsorption capacity; however, this small particle size also drives the need for energy-intensive post-treatment filtration to recover the nanoparticles for regeneration and reuse [24]. To overcome this issue,...

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“…It was observed that As accumulation in body was found within safe limit in all UCs of Larkana city and values varied from 0.209 to 0.396 μg/day. Hence, people of Larkana city are much safer than the other parts of the country, where higher levels of ADI reported (Abbas & Cheema, 2015;Khan, Rauf, Muhammad, Qasim, & Din, 2016;Khan, Shah, Muhammad, Malik, & Shah, 2015). Comparatively UC-5 and UC-6 showed higher ADI values than rest of the studied UCs.…”

Section: Arsenic Daily Intake (Adi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk assessment of arsenic in ground water of Larkana city

Kori

Jakhrani

Mahesar

et al. 2018

Geology, Ecology, and Landscapes

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Water is an essential component for the survival of humans and animals. Due to industrialization, water is being contaminated with varying polluting agents, arsenic (As) contamination is one of them. An exclusive study was carried out for the determination of As in groundwater of Larkana city using microwave-assisted digestion followed by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). For that purpose, a total of 110 groundwater samples were collected from 10 union councils (UCs) of the city based on global position system (GPS) method. Results revealed that maximum concentration of As was found 17.0 μg/L in UC-6, while in UC-1, UC-2 and UC-10 the concentration of As was found within the permissible limits of WHO. The minimum and maximum mean concentration of As was found 3.59 μg/L and 6.78 μg/L, respectively. Out of 110 ground water samples of Larkana city, 13 samples were found above the permissible limits (~12% of total samples). Hence, water can be used for drinking purpose with caution.

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Arsenic and heavy metals health risk assessment through drinking water consumption in the Peshawar District, Pakistan

Cited by 72 publications

References 35 publications

A Simple Approach of Groundwater Quality Analysis, Classification, and Mapping in Peshawar, Pakistan

A Simple Approach of Groundwater Quality Analysis, Classification, and Mapping in Peshawar, Pakistan

Polymeric Nanocomposites of Iron–Oxide Nanoparticles (IONPs) Synthesized Using Terminalia chebula Leaf Extract for Enhanced Adsorption of Arsenic(V) from Water

Risk assessment of arsenic in ground water of Larkana city

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