Arsenic and Fluoride in the Drinking Water in Tula City, México: Challenges and Lessons Learned

Association between fluoride intake from drinking water and severity of dental fluorosis in Northern and Western Mexico: systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Only a 1 ppm fluoride concentration is mentioned, as Gutierrez [29] reports that, according to the data from the National Water Commission, in this region, individuals between the ages 2017 and 2019 were found to consume a fluoride water concentration 114 times higher than the permitted limit, oscillatory values ranging from 0.20 to 22.29 mg/L. In other studies conducted in other Mexican regions, as evidenced in this study, drinking water fluoride concentrations were reported to be above certain limits [30][31][32][33] but any of these studies had the several cases of dental fluorosis like the reported in the North and Western region. Severe dental fluorosis is evident in North Region states, possibly because the well water from this region has a high prevalence of minerals considered toxic, such as fluoride and arsenic, since well excavation for water extraction increases mineral concentrations; even bottled-water fluoride concentrations should be taken into account, as De la Cruz Cardozo [34] mentioned, where it is evidenced that North Region states possessed higher fluoride concentrations than the normative limit in this kind of water.…”

Desarrollo de la capacidad de comunicar riesgos relacionados con la exposición infantil a fluoruros, a través de una estrategia educativa en línea

“…La exposición a diversos peligros ha generado el desarrollo de investigación, experiencias y conocimientos sobre la eficacia de la comunicación de riesgos como estrategia comunitaria para mitigar riesgos, entre ellos la exposición al agua contaminada 8 , 9 . La comunicación de riesgos ha evolucionado a medida que sus componentes (intencionalidad, contenido, audiencia blanco, fuente y flujo de los mensajes) han sido interpretados 10 , 11 .…”