Arsenic and cadmium contents in Brazilian rice from different origins can vary more than two orders of magnitude

Kato, Lilian Seiko; Fernandes, Elisabete A. De Nadai; Raab, Andrea; Bacchi, M. A.; Feldmann, Jörg

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.02.043

Cited by 33 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This is generally attributed to the fact that the southern Chinese provenances tend to be more impacted by the extensive base metal ore exploitation that occurs in these regions. While countries outside China have been less considered, the results presented here equate to those that have been published for rice from Australia, India, Italy, Bangladesh, Thailand, and Japan (Rahman et al, 2014) as well as Brazil (Kato et al 2019) and Italy (Pastorelli et al 2018). All these studies, including the global survey presented here, illustrate that south-eastern Chinese provinces are the highest, so far surveyed, with respect to grain cadmium.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

“…When it comes to variation in rice cadmium, besides the aforementioned surveys of China (Chen et al 2018;Fang et al 2014;Hu et al 2016;Ke et al 2015;Mu et al 2019;Williams e al. 2007), the rest of the globe is either considered country-by-country (Adomako et al 2011;Joy et al 2017;Kato et al 2019;Pastorelli et al 2018;Rahman et al 2014;Sommella et al 2013; and other surveys compiled in Ke et al 2015) or with a limited inter-country overview (Meharg et al 2013). Here we intend to build from previous surveys (Adomako et al 2011;Meharg et al 2013;Joy et al 2017;Sommella et al 2013;Williams et al 2007) by integrating with these previous studies new cadmium data derived from a rice survey designed to represent the global supply-chain that has been characterised for arsenic speciation (Carey et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rice Grain Cadmium Concentrations in the Global Supply-Chain

et al. 2020

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One of cadmium's major exposure routes to humans is through rice consumption. The concentrations of cadmium in the global polished (white), market rice supply-chain were assessed in 2270 samples, purchased from retailers across 32 countries, encompassing 6 continents. It was found on a global basis that East Africa had the lowest cadmium with a median for both Malawi and Tanzania at 4.9 μg/kg, an order of magnitude lower than the highest country, China with a median at 69.3 μg/ kg. The Americas were typically low in cadmium, but the Indian sub-continent was universally elevated. In particular certain regions of Bangladesh had high cadmium, that when combined with the high daily consumption rate of rice of that country, leads to high cadmium exposures. Concentrations of cadmium were compared to the European Standard for polished rice of 200 μg/kg and 5% of the global supply-chain exceeded this threshold. For the stricter standard of 40 μg/kg for processed infant foods, for which rice can comprise up to 100% by composition (such as rice porridges, puffed rice cereal and cakes), 25% of rice would not be suitable for making pure rice baby foods. Given that rice is also elevated in inorganic arsenic, the only region of the world where both inorganic arsenic and cadmium were low in grain was East Africa.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rice Grain Cadmium Concentrations in the Global Supply-Chain

et al. 2020

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“…Besides that, in the condition of e[CO2], several factors can be altered, influencing the As uptakes, such as higher root growth and changes in the composition of the rhizosphere. It is also essential to carry out Researchers have investigated As uptake and concentration in rice grain along two central lines: toxicity in the plant [55,56] and accumulation in grain [26,57]. Studies have demonstrated that high [CO 2 ] reduces the concentration of several micronutrients, including iron, zinc, copper, calcium, and manganese, in rice grains and other species [58,59].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) are more available for plant uptake in anaerobic soils in continuously flooded rice fields [25,26]. Recent studies have raised concerns regarding As and Cd concentrations in rice grain [27,28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Elevated Atmospheric CO2 Concentration and Water Regime on Rice Yield, Water Use Efficiency, and Arsenic and Cadmium Accumulation in Grain

et al. 2021

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(1) Background: Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration affects the growth and development of the rice crop. In Southern Brazil, rice is traditionally produced with continuous irrigation, implying a significant amount of water used. Besides, continuous flooding favors the uptake of toxic elements such as arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd). In this work, one Brazilian rice cultivar (IRGA 424) was tested for the effects of elevated CO2 concentration and different water regimes on rice yield, and As and Cd accumulation in grain. (2) Methods: Rice was grown in two CO2 concentrations (400 and 700 µmol mol−1) and two irrigation regimes (continuous and intermittent). It was evaluated the number of tillers, plant height, aboveground dry weight (ADW), water use efficiency (WUE), rice yield components, and As and Cd concentration in rice grain. (3) Results: Rice plants were taller and had a higher WUE when cultivated at e[CO2]. The ADW and the rice yield component were not affected by CO2 levels nor water regimes. Intermittent flood regimes had a lower average As concentration. The Cd concentration in the samples in both growing seasons and all treatments was below the limit of quantitation (8.76 μg kg−1). (4) Conclusions: Enhanced CO2 concentration did not affect rice yield, increased the WUE, and reduced As concentration in grains. Regarding water management, the intermittent regime enhanced WUE and promoted a reduction in As concentration in grains.

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“…Arsenate accumulation in rice 9,[35][36][37][38] , fruit and flowering plants 39-41 is considered a major problem for consumers. It has been suggested that uptake of arsenate in plants relies on PHT phosphate transporters, a specific family of plant plasma membrane proteins [42][43][44] , but the detailed mechanism has not yet been elucidated due to the lack of an appropriate visualization tool.…”

Section: Bioimaging Of Arsenate and Pi In Wolffiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Masking Phosphate with Rare-Earth Elements Enables Selective Detection of Arsenate by Dipycolylamine-ZnII Chemosensor

Mekjinda

Phunnarungsi

Ruangpornvisuti

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Functional reassessment of the phosphate-specific chemosensors revealed their potential as arsenate detectors. A series of dipicolylamine (Dpa)-Zn ii chemosensors were screened, among which acridine Dpa-Zn ii chemosensor showed the highest capability in sensing arsenate. the presence of excess Zn ii improved sensitivity and strengthened the binding between acridine Dpa-Zn ii complex to arsenate as well as phosphate. However, due to their response to phosphate, these sensors are not suited for arsenate detection when phosphate is also present. This study demonstrated for the first time that rare-earth elements could effectively mask phosphate, allowing the specific fluorescence detection of arsenate in phosphate-arsenate coexisting systems. in addition, detection of arsenate contamination in the real river water samples and soil samples was performed to prove its practical use. this sensor was further employed for the visualization of arsenate and phosphate uptake in vegetables and flowering plants for the first time, as well as in the evaluation of a potent inhibitor of arsenate/phosphate uptake. Arsenic is a chemical analog of phosphorus that belongs to the same periodic group and shares a number of similarities with phosphorus, including the same number of valence electrons and nearly identical electronegativity (2.18 for As and 2.19 for P) 1. Phosphorus-and arsenic-derived oxoanions, importantly inorganic phosphate (Pi) and arsenate, also exhibit similar properties 2 , such as tetrahedral geometry and close bond lengths (1.69A° and 1.52A° for arsenate (HAsO 4 −) and phosphate (HPO 4 −), respectively) 3 Their acid counterparts also have similar dissociation constants (pK a 2.26, 6.76, and 11.29 for the arsenic acid compared with 2.16, 7.21, and 12.32 for phosphoric acid) 1 , thus possessing the same net charge acr.oss pH values. These salient physiochemical similarities to phosphate make arsenate highly toxic to humans. In addition, arsenate is a confirmed carcinogen and the most significant chemical contaminant in drinking-water worldwide 4. Detection of arsenate has been conventionally conducted by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) 5-10. However, the techniques require laborious sample preparation and cannot be employed to visualize biological phenomena in situ. To overcome this problem, several arsenate-specific chemosensors were developed 11-15 , but they were only compatible with organic or aqueous-organic media and can be unstable in water 16. Egdal et al. (2009) reported the divanadyl complex which was able to selectively bind to arsenate over Pi in aqueous solution, but it was optimal at a slightly acidic pH (pH = 3) 17. Therefore, for the purpose of arsenate detection in drinking water and biological systems, a chemosensor that is stable in neutral aqueous solution would be more attractive. Because of the significant roles in biological and environmental systems of the Pi anion, considerable efforts have been devoted to developing methods to d...

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Arsenic and cadmium contents in Brazilian rice from different origins can vary more than two orders of magnitude

Cited by 33 publications

References 30 publications

Rice Grain Cadmium Concentrations in the Global Supply-Chain

Rice Grain Cadmium Concentrations in the Global Supply-Chain

Effects of Elevated Atmospheric CO2 Concentration and Water Regime on Rice Yield, Water Use Efficiency, and Arsenic and Cadmium Accumulation in Grain

Masking Phosphate with Rare-Earth Elements Enables Selective Detection of Arsenate by Dipycolylamine-ZnII Chemosensor

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