Arrhythmic Mitral Valve Prolapse: A Comprehensive Review

Deng, Yuyan; Liu, Jinfeng; Wu, Shan; Li, Xiaoming; Yu, Huimei; Tang, Lili; Xie, Meng; Zhang, Chun

doi:10.3390/diagnostics13182868

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…The incidence of MVP in the general population was determined to be between 5% and 15%, but according to current criteria, this result should be estimated in the range of 2-3% with equal frequency in both genders [5,18,20].…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mitral valve prolapse syndrome

Sanecki,

Jurasz,

Podgórska

et al. 2024

J Educ Health Sport

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Mitral valve prolapse is a common valvular defect. In its overt clinical form, the condition known as mitral valve leaflet prolapse syndrome, or also known as Barlow's syndrome or flaccid valve syndrome, is a significant clinical problem, worsening the quality of life of patients, and in its severe forms is a risk factor for diseases such as congestive heart failure, endocarditis or cardiac arrhythmias, or even lead to death from sudden cardiac death. The development of methods, as well as the increasing general availability of echocardiography methods, makes a specific diagnosis early enough to allow the right treatment strategy to be chosen. Thanks to reliable reports in recent years, it has been possible to identify a group of patients whose cardiovascular risk predisposes them to a more severe course of the disease and thus these patients require special observation and attention in the process of diagnosis and treatment. Recent years have allowed the development of a new method of interventional treatment in patients burdened with multimorbidity for whom conventional surgery would be associated with a significant risk of worsening of the general condition.

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Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the subjective symptoms of MVP that make up the picture of the syndrome, we can distinguish non-specific chest pain, palpitations, dizziness, loss of consciousness, dyspnea unrelated to physical activity, weakness, anxiety attacks predominate [8,20].…”

Section: Clinical Disease Manifestationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitral valve prolapse syndrome

Sanecki,

Jurasz,

Podgórska

et al. 2024

J Educ Health Sport

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Risk factors of ventricular arrhythmias in non-syndromic mitral valve prolapse

Trisvetova

2024

Racionalʹnaâ farmakoterapiâ v kardiologii

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Non-syndromic mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a common disease. In most cases, its benign course is noted, however, a connection between MVP and ventricular arrhythmias is reported, as well as sudden cardiac death. Clinical signs (chest pain, syncope/lipotymia, mid-systolic click), results of instrumental studies (electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, magnetic resonance imaging) allow us to identify known ("old") risk factors and new phenomena encountered in rhythm and conduction disturbances during MVP. Signs of "arrhythmic" MVP, often detected in young women, include prolapse of thickened both mitral valve leaflets, T wave inversion in the inferior basal leads on the electrocardiogram, annulus fibrosus disjunction, fibrosis of the papillary muscles and myocardium in the inferior basal wall of the left ventricle, determined by magnetic resonance imaging. resonance tomography and myocardial biopsies. In 2022, the European Heart Rhythm Association Expert Consensus presented risk stratification and treatment principles for patients with arrhythmic MVP, identifying low, intermediate and high-risk groups, and in 2024, the first meta-analysis of studies was performed to identify prognostic risk factors of arrhythmic MVP. The most significant predictors of arrhythmias included late gadolinium enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging, T-wave inversion on the electrocardiogram, prolapse of both mitral valve leaflets, and mitral annulus disjunction. When choosing treatment for patients with arrhythmic MVP, clinical characteristics are taken into account and a personalized approach is used to prevent sudden cardiac death and severe ventricular arrhythmias. As a rule, to prevent sudden cardiac death in patients with arrhythmic MVP, four treatment options are considered: medications (beta-blockers or non-dihydropyridine slow calcium channel blockers, a combination of a beta-blocker and flecainide, or amiodarone), radiofrequency ablation, surgical treatment of the mitral valve, implantable cardioverter — defibrillator (for primary or secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death).The rationale for surgical, electrophysiological, and/or therapeutic treatments depends on the specific rhythm disorder.

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