Arrested development of sheep strongyles: onset and resumption under field conditions of Central Europe

Abstract

Two tracer tests were conducted between August 2004 and March 2007 at an ecological farm in western Bohemia. The first tracer test was performed for the summer-autumn grazing period (onset of arrested development), the second for spring (resumption of arrested development). In the first tracer test, the percentage of nematodes arresting development over the winter months reached 87.7% for Teladorsagia circumcincta, 66.7% for Haemonchus contortus, 89.9% for Nematodirus filicollis, 21.6% for Trichostrongylus axei, and 23.9% for both Trichostrongylus vitrinus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis. None of the arrested larvae were observed with species Cooperia curticei, Nematodirus battus, and Oesophagostomum venulosum. In the second tracer test, a significant increase of adult worms was discovered in March of species T. circumcincta and N. filicollis and Trichostrongylus spp. in February. Redundancy analysis and generalized linear models analyses have confirmed that environmental conditions play a crucial role in hypobiosis of sheep strongyles in the Czech Republic. The analysis of influences of various environmental factors revealed that the number of arrested larvae was negatively influenced by light-day length, sunshine, or daylight decrease (p < 0.01).

Endoparasitoses of fallow deer (Dama dama) in game-park in South Moravia (Czech Republic)

“…Numbers of fallow deer during the monitoring period were 387 heads in average. Minimal numbers were 290 heads in HELMINTHOLOGIA, 50, 1: 15 -19, 2013 Endoparasitoses of fallow deer (Dama dama) in game-park in South Moravia (Czech Republic) To detect the larvae of lungworms the Baermann method (Kassai, 1999) was used and the number of larvae (LPG) was made out.…”

“…To detect prevalence of eggs and oocysts in samples of excrements we used Breza's flotation method (Kassai, 1999), and for making out the intensity of eggs (EPG) the Várady (1993) method was used.…”

“…Fallow deers have quite wide variety of parasites (Kotrlá et al, 1984;Rehbein et al, 2001) with different prevalence (Ambrosi et al, 1993;Balicka-Ramisz et al, 2005). Vengušt & Bidovec (2003) state that the prevalence is usually low, thus there are no significant changes in animals' physical appearance nor clinical symptoms appropriate for the illness.…”

“…They even considered the parasitic aspect, because especially parasitoses can be limiting factor of game class and through that even of economical results of management ....... (Chroust, 2001). Deer in common, and fallow deer as well, can suffer from several tens of endoparasite species (GIN and LW) (Kotrlá et al, 1984;Balicka-Ramisz et al, 2005;Vengušt & Bidovec, 2003), with different prevalence and intensity of invasion (Ambrosi et al, 1993;Santin-Duran et al, 2004;Drozdz et al, 1997). Values of prevalence and intensity themselves, however, don't have to predicate the health status of animals (Horning, 1975).…”

“…Values of prevalence and intensity themselves, however, don't have to predicate the health status of animals (Horning, 1975). Furthermore, this aspect may be influenced by presence of other deer species in the area (Santin-Duran et al, 2004;Horning, 1975), subclinical infection of hosts (Gunn & Irvine, 2003;Langrová et al, 2008) and of course breeding management and eventual drug treatment (Chroust, 2001;Chroust & Vitula, 2005). Aim of this work was to detect fluctuation of prevalence and intensity of parasitocenoses in fallow deer during period of joint efforts of breeder and parasitologist in order to help the animals regain health.…”