Arrest of Development of
 Plasmodium gallinaceum
 in Mosquitoes (
 Aedes aegypti
 ) by Radiation Effect of P
 32

Hahn, Peter F.; Haas, Victor H.; Wilcox, Aimee

doi:10.1126/science.111.2894.657

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The results for Brevicoryne are higher and more reliable, but the volume reinjected is still very small. A low percentage of 32p in salivary glands was also reported by Hahn, Haas, and Wilcox (1950) for the mosquito Aedes aegypti and by Flemion, Weed, and Miller (1951) for the bug Lygus oblineatus. Reinjection by this bug took place through salivary secretions (Flemion, Miller, and Weed 1952).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Feeding Behaviour of the Aphids Myzus Persicae and Brevicoryne Brassicae, Studied With Radiophosphorus

Day¹,

Irzykiewicz²

1953

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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The volume of material ingested and excreted by the aphids Myzus persicae and Brevicoryne brassicae was measured by feeding them leaves or solutions containing radiophosphorus. No uptake could be measured within the first few minutes of penetration by the stylets. Myzus ingested approximately 0.07 mg. plant material in 1 hr. Brevicoryne ingested less than one-twentieth of that amount in the same period. Myzus ingested more from the lower than from the upper surface of the leaf. No artificial diet was found that was ingested

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Feeding Behaviour of the Aphids Myzus Persicae and Brevicoryne Brassicae, Studied With Radiophosphorus

Day¹,

Irzykiewicz²

1953

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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“…As any other environmental factor, radiation also has the potential to influence the competence of Anopheles vectors for P. falciparum. For example, Aedes aegypti mosquitoes exposed to a 5000 roentgen dose of X ray-irradiation and infected with a strain of P. gallinaceum showed a 2.7-fold reduction in oocyst number compared to unirradiated infected counterparts [37], thereby suggesting a potential negative effect of irradiation on mosquito competence for malaria parasites [38,39]. In contrast, a study on Anopheles mosquitoes found that adult gamma-irradiated An.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of irradiation on the survival and susceptibility of female Anopheles arabiensis to natural isolates of Plasmodium falciparum

et al. 2020

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Background: The sterile insect technique (SIT) is a vector control strategy relying on the mass release of sterile males into wild vector populations. Current sex separation techniques are not fully efficient and could lead to the release of a small proportion of females. It is therefore important to evaluate the effect of irradiation on the ability of released females to transmit pathogens. This study aimed to assess the effect of irradiation on the survival and competence of Anopheles arabiensis females for Plasmodium falciparum in laboratory conditions. Methods: Pupae were irradiated at 95 Gy of gamma-rays, and emerging females were challenged with one of 14 natural isolates of P. falciparum. Seven days post-blood meal (dpbm), irradiated and unirradiated-control females were dissected to assess the presence of oocysts, using 8 parasite isolates. On 14 dpbm, sporozoite dissemination in the head/thorax was also examined, using 10 parasites isolates including 4 in common with the 7 dpbm dissection (oocyst data). The survivorship of irradiated and unirradiated-control mosquitoes was monitored. Results: Overall, irradiation reduced the proportion of mosquitoes infected with the oocyst stages by 17% but this effect was highly inconsistent among parasite isolates. Secondly, there was no significant effect of irradiation on the number of developing oocysts. Thirdly, there was no significant difference in both the sporozoite infection rate and load between the irradiated and unirradiated-control mosquitoes. Fourthly, irradiation had varying effects on female survival with either a negative effect or no effect. Conclusions: The effect of irradiation on mosquito competence strongly varied among parasite isolates. Because of such isolate variability and, the fact that different parasite isolates were used to collect oocyst and sporozoite data, the irradiation-mediated reduction of oocyst prevalence was not confirmed for the sporozoite stages. Our data indicate that irradiated female An. arabiensis could contribute to malaria transmission, and highlight the need for perfect sexing tools, which would prevent the release of females as part of SIT programmes.

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“…As any other environmental factors, radiation has also the potential to influence the competence of Anopheles vectors for P. falciparum . For example, Aedes aegypti mosquitoes exposed to a 5000 roentgen dose of X rays-irradiation and infected with a strain of P. gallinaceum showed a 2.7 fold reduction in oocyst number compared to unirradiated infected counterparts (Terzian, 1953), thereby suggesting a potential negative effect of irradiation on mosquito competence for malaria parasites (see also Hahn, Haas and Wilcox, 1950; Ward, Bell and Schneider, 1960). In contrast, a study on anopheles mosquitoes found that adult gamma-irradiated An.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of irradiation on the survival and susceptibility of femaleAnopheles arabiensisto natural isolates ofPlasmodium falciparum

Guissou

Poda

Hien

et al. 2020

Preprint

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25Background: The sterile insect technique (SIT) is a vector control strategy relying on the mass 26 release of sterile males into wild vector populations. Current sex separation techniques are not 27 fully efficient and could lead to the release of a small proportion of females. It is therefore 28 important to evaluate the effect of irradiation on the ability of released females to transmit 29 pathogens. This study aimed to assess the effect of irradiation on the survival and competence 30 of Anopheles arabiensis females for Plasmodium falciparum in laboratory conditions. 31Methods: Pupae were irradiated at 95 Gy, a sterilizing dose of gamma-rays from Caesium-137 32 source, and emerging adult females were challenged with one of 14 natural isolates of P. 33 falciparum. Seven days post-bloodmeal (dpbm), irradiated and unirradiated-control females 34 were dissected to assess the presence of oocysts. On 14 dpbm, oocyst rupture in mosquito 35 midguts and sporozoite dissemination in head/thoraces were also examined. Two assays were 36 performed to gauge the effect of irradiation on An. arabiensis survival. First, the survivorship 37 of irradiated and unirradiated-control mosquitoes exposed to each parasite isolate was 38 monitored. Second, how parasite infection and irradiation interact to influence mosquito 39 lifespan was also assessed by including a group of uninfected unirradiated mosquitoes. 40Results: Overall, irradiation reduced the proportion of infected mosquitoes but this effect was 41 inconsistent among parasite isolates. Second, there was no significant effect of irradiation on 42 the number of developing oocysts. Third, the proportion of ruptured oocysts at 14 dpbm was 43 higher in irradiated-than in control-unirradiated females, suggesting that irradiation might 44 speed up parasite development. Fourth, irradiation had varying effects on female survival with 45 either a negative effect (assay 1) or no effect (assay 2). 46 Conclusion: Combining these effects into an epidemiological model could help quantifying the 47 net effect of irradiation on malaria transmission in this system. Together, our data indicate that 48 irradiated female An. arabiensis could contribute to malaria transmission, and highlight the 49 need for perfect sexing tools which would prevent the release of females as part of SIT 50 programs.51 52 Key words: Sterile Insect Technique (SIT), competence, Direct membrane feeding assay 53 54 55 56 57 58The worldwide annual incidence of malaria declined by 36 % between 2000 and 2015 59 (Cibulskis et al., 2016). Control measures based on vector management have played an 60 important role in reducing malaria transmission with, for example, the use of long-lasting 61 insecticide-treated nets contributing to an estimated 68 % of the decline in Plasmodium 62 falciparum incidence over this period (Bhatt et al., 2015). Since 2015 however, global progress 63 has stalled, and several African countries are currently experiencing an increase in malaria 64 incidence (WHO, 2018). The reasons for these r...

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Arrest of Development of Plasmodium gallinaceum in Mosquitoes ( Aedes aegypti ) by Radiation Effect of P ³²

Cited by 8 publications

References 1 publication

Feeding Behaviour of the Aphids Myzus Persicae and Brevicoryne Brassicae, Studied With Radiophosphorus

Feeding Behaviour of the Aphids Myzus Persicae and Brevicoryne Brassicae, Studied With Radiophosphorus

Effect of irradiation on the survival and susceptibility of female Anopheles arabiensis to natural isolates of Plasmodium falciparum

Effect of irradiation on the survival and susceptibility of femaleAnopheles arabiensisto natural isolates ofPlasmodium falciparum

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Arrest of Development of Plasmodium gallinaceum in Mosquitoes ( Aedes aegypti ) by Radiation Effect of P 32

Cited by 8 publications

References 1 publication

Feeding Behaviour of the Aphids Myzus Persicae and Brevicoryne Brassicae, Studied With Radiophosphorus

Feeding Behaviour of the Aphids Myzus Persicae and Brevicoryne Brassicae, Studied With Radiophosphorus

Effect of irradiation on the survival and susceptibility of female Anopheles arabiensis to natural isolates of Plasmodium falciparum

Effect of irradiation on the survival and susceptibility of femaleAnopheles arabiensisto natural isolates ofPlasmodium falciparum

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Arrest of Development of Plasmodium gallinaceum in Mosquitoes ( Aedes aegypti ) by Radiation Effect of P ³²