Arrays of thermally evaporated PbSe infrared photodetectors deposited on Si substrates operating at room temperature

Abstract

Thermally evaporated polycrystalline lead selenide was used to make detector arrays on high-resistivity Si substrates, for use as infrared photodetectors in the 3-5 µm range. The arrays were made using standard photolithographic methods and a process fully compatible with the technologies used in the microelectronics industry. After activation at high temperature in an O 2 + I atmosphere, excellent uniformity and room-temperature peak detectivities up 10 9 cm Hz 1/2 W −1 were obtained. The spectral response at 273 K of the detectors went up to 5 µm, with peak responsivity of 7 × 10 3 V W −1 at 4.1 µm. These arrays have been used to develop compact gas sensors with the addition of integrated bandpass multilayer optical filters.

Solid‐state 207Pb NMR studies of lead‐group 16 and mixed transition‐metal/lead‐group 16 element‐containing materials

“…Lead selenide, for example, is used as a photodetector 1 and for other mid-infrared optoelectronic devices. 2 Quantum dots of PbSe 3,4 have been formed by controlling synthetic parameters such as reaction temperature and layer thicknesses.…”

Thickness effects on optical and photoelectric properties of PbSeTeO quaternary thin films prepared by magnetron sputtering

“…Lead chalcogenides have been widely used as infrared detectors [1], laser diodes [2], thermoelectric devices [3], solar cells [4], etc. The absorption range of these materials covers 3-30 lm, since the band gaps can be varied from 0 to 0.5 eV by adjusting the film composition and operating temperature [5].…”

Lead Selenide Nanowires Prepared by Lithographically Patterned Nanowire Electrodeposition

“…L ead selenide is a 0.27 eV direct band gap material used in devices including infrared detectors, [1][2][3][4][5][6] thermalimaging systems, [3][4][5][7][8][9][10] and mid-IR lasers. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] Its small band gap and relatively large exciton Bohr radius of 46 nm also make it a useful model system for studying quantum confinement effects in nanoribbons, nanowires, and nanoparticles.…”

“…As a practical result of these quantum effects, lead selenide nanoparticles have been proposed as a possible material for future-generation, high-efficiency solar cells, [19][20][21][22][23][24][25] although it is still unclear how efficient these effects are at improving solar cells. [26][27][28][29][30][31] Due to these potential uses for PbSe nanowires, a number of research groups have prepared PbSe nanowires using a variety of synthetic methods, including (1) vapor-liquidsolid synthesis, [32][33][34] (2) electrochemical reduction of Pb 2þ and HSeO 3 -, 35-37 (3) chemical reduction of Pb 2þ in the presence of Se, 38 and (4) chemical vapor transport synthesis. 39 All of these methods have two common drawbacks.…”

“…We synthesized lead selenide nanowires by a constant potential 43,44 In our method, PbSe electrodeposition was achieved from an aqueous deposition solution containing 0.1 M Na 2 EDTA, 10 mM Pb(NO 3 ) 2 , and 1 mM SeO 2 , with the final solution pH adjusted to 4 by the dropwise addition of conc. HNO 3 . The EDTA and large excess of Pb(NO 3 ) 2 , relative to the SeO 2 concentration, are needed to shift the deposition potentials so that the start of the lead reduction (wave (i) in Figure 1a) occurs at approximately the same potential as that of selenium reduction (wave (ii) in Figure 1b).…”