Array of virtual Frisch-grid CZT detectors with common cathode readout and pulse-height correction

Bolotnikov, A. E.; Camarda, G. S.; Cui, Y.; Egarievwe, Stephen U.; Fochuk, P.; Fuerstnau, M.; Gul, R.; Hossain, Anwar; Jones, F. E.; Kim, K.; Kopach, O.; Taggart, R.; Yang, Ge; Ye, Z.; Xu, Lingyan; James, R. B.

doi:10.1117/12.861775

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…2). Alternative materials often used for the insulating layer are ultra-thin polyester [41] and Teflon tape [46]. After the application of an insulating layer on the walls, the Frisch-ring was made by tightly wrapping a selfadhesive thin cooper foil on the cathode side of the walls (see Figs.…”

Section: A Detector Materials and Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing CdZnTeSe Frisch-Grid Nuclear Detector for Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy

et al. 2020

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Wide bandgap semiconductor materials capable of detecting X-rays and gamma-rays at room temperature without cryogenic cooling have great advantages that include portability and wide-area deployment in nuclear and radiological threat defense. Additional major applications include medical imaging, spectroscopy, and astrophysics. Most current room-temperature ionizing radiation detector devices are fabricated from cadmium telluride (CdTe) and cadmium zinc telluride (CdZnTe). Cadmium zinc telluride selenide (CdZnTeSe or CZTS) can be grown with high crystal yield compared to CdTe and CdZnTe. Thus, CZTS has the advantage of lowering the cost of room-temperature nuclear detectors. Thick CdTe-based detectors are prone to the trapping of charge carriers, thus limiting energy resolution and efficiency. A Frisch-Grid configuration helps to solve this problem. This research is focused on optimizing the Frisch-grid configuration for a CZTS detector. The CZTS was grown by traveling heater method. Infrared images of the CZTS matrix largely showed the absence of tellurium inclusions. The resistivity of the CZTS obtained from a current-voltage plot is of the order of 10 10 Ω.cm. The charge-transport characterized by measuring the electron mobility-lifetime product is 4.7 x 10-3 cm 2 /V. Detector resolution was measured for various Frischring widths. For a 4.8 x 4.9 x 9.7 mm 3 detector, the best Frisch-ring widths were found to be 3-4 mm. A detector resolution of 1.35% full-width-at-half-maximum was obtained for the 3-mm width at-2300 V bias voltage for the 662-keV gamma peak of 137 Cs. A resolution of 1.36% was obtained for the 4-mm width at-1800 V applied bias. INDEX TERMS CdZnTeSe detectors, detector resolution, Frisch-grid, gamma-ray detector, nuclear radiation detector, traveling heater method, X-ray detector.

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Section: A Detector Materials and Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing CdZnTeSe Frisch-Grid Nuclear Detector for Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy

et al. 2020

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“…CZT is a high density target (5.78 g/cm 3 ) and can provide an energy resolution close to that of Ge at room temperature, with submillimiter spatial resolution. CZT virtual Frisch-grid detector bars (6 × 6 × 20 mm 3 ) [8] reduce the impact of defects and allow for sub-mm spatial resolution and for energy resolution <1% at 662 keV even with lower-quality crystals. For these reasons, the CZT calorimeter is also especially suitable for the detection of gamma ray decay lines.…”

Section: The Czt Calorimetermentioning

confidence: 99%

The all-sky medium energy gamma-ray observatory

Rando

2017

J. Inst.

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The All-sky Medium Energy Gamma-ray Observatory (AMEGO) is an Astrophysics Probe mission concept designed to explore the MeV sky. It has a unique capability to cover with high sensitivity both the Compton and pair conversion regimes from ∼ 200 keV to > 10 GeV . To date the MeV regime was explored with significantly less sensitivity with respect to the nearby energy bands, and promises a rich return similar to what Fermi-LAT achieved in the GeV band. The AMEGO instrument features an anti-coincidence detector, a double-sided Silicon microstrip tracker with analog readout, a segmented CZT calorimeter optimized for the Compton regime, and a segmented CsI calorimeter optimized for the pair regime. This design choice provides substantial performance improvements relative to CGRO-COMPTEL and Fermi-LAT in the overlapping energy bands. In particular, the detector is tailored to the challenging task of imaging Compton events with unprecedented resolution.

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“…However, due to the structure based on a large single crystal, there is a limitation that the cost dramatically increased as increase of the crystal size. To overcome this problem, an array type detector which was comprised of individual virtual Frisch-grid CZTs was proposed [7][8][9]. Those small but high yielding components make the total price lower than that of monolithic detectors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Virtual Frisch-Grid CZT Detector Based on the Array Structure

Kim

Lee

2020

J Radiat Prot Res

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Background: Cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) is a promising material because of a high detection efficiency, good energy resolution, and operability at room temperature. However, the cost of CZT dramatically increases as its size increases. In this study, to achieve a large effective volume with relatively low cost, an array structure comprised of individual virtual Frisch-grid CZT detectors was proposed. Materials and Methods:The prototype consisted of 2 × 2 CZTs, a holder, anode and cathode printed circuit boards (PCBs), and an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). CZTs were used and the non-contacting shielding electrode method was applied for virtual Frisch-grid effect. An ASIC was used, and the holder and the PCBs were fabricated. In the current system, because the CZTs formed a common cathode, a total of 5 channels were assigned for data processing. Results and Discussion:An experiment using 137 Cs at room temperature was conducted for 10 minutes. Energy and timing information was acquired and the depth of interaction was calculated by the timing difference between the signals of both electrodes. Based on obtained three-dimensional position information, the energy correction was carried out, and as a result the energy spectra showed the improvements. In addition, a Compton image was reconstructed using the iterative method. Conclusion:The virtual Frisch-grid CZT detector based on the array structure was developed and the energy spectra and the Compton image were successfully acquired.

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Array of virtual Frisch-grid CZT detectors with common cathode readout and pulse-height correction

Cited by 7 publications

References 13 publications

Optimizing CdZnTeSe Frisch-Grid Nuclear Detector for Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy

Optimizing CdZnTeSe Frisch-Grid Nuclear Detector for Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy

The all-sky medium energy gamma-ray observatory

Development of a Virtual Frisch-Grid CZT Detector Based on the Array Structure

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