Array Antennas for mmWave Applications: A Comprehensive Review

Shariff, B G Parveez; Ali, Tanweer; Mane, Pallavi R; Kumar, Pradeep

doi:10.1109/access.2022.3226272

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…The 5G mobile app requires tiny beam-directed radiation, yet the radiation pattern is generally omnidirectional. Therefore, array antennas are able to solve these problems [26] because they offer a multiple benefits, including wide-angle beam scanning, adaptive beam-forming, broad bandwidth, and enhanced gain etc. [27].…”

Section: Milli-meter Wave Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Millimeter Wave Antennas: A State-of-the-Art Survey of Recent Developments, Principles, and Applications

Aggarwal,

Roy,

Kumar

2024

PIER B

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The increasing volumes of data generated by social networking, cloud computing, e-commerce, and online video broadcasting necessitate the implementation of higher data rates. As the current 4G network encounters congestion and potentially struggles to accommodate the substantial data demand, there is a growing interest in millimeter wave (mmWave) technology. The 30-300 GHz mmWave spectrum is characterized by its broad bandwidth and low latency; it is having many applications in communication domains, also includes 5G cellular. Despite its atmospheric attenuation and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) propagation, the majority of nations have begun to implement mmWave 5G in the band of 28/38 GHz as a result of its reduced path loss exponent, minimal signal spread, and decreased atmospheric attenuation. While the patch antenna (single-element) is a compact and easily transportable choice for mmWave applications, its radiation efficiency, gain, and bandwidth are all subpar. Array antennas have effectively addressed these limitations by exhibiting significant enhancements in bandwidth, gain, and radiation efficiency. It is still limited in the maximum data rates it can accommodate. The rate of data can be increased by a factor of one thousand using Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology, which is enabled by geographical diversity and multiplexing techniques. As a result, the comprehension of structures of MIMO antennas operating at mmWave is imperative for the continued enhancement of performance. In comparing the efficacy of these designs, bandwidth, isolation, efficiency, gain, and radiation pattern are considered. In this paper, the most recent planar MIMO antenna designs, which are categorized as defected ground structures, Slot/Patch/Stub, MIMO Antenna Array, Dielectric Resonator Antenna, and Meta-Surface/Metamaterial Structures, are described. This paper also addresses the effects that slots, partial ground, and decoupling structures have on levels of isolation, bandwidth, and impedance matching. A comprehensive analysis of the design considerations and subsequent advancements is also provided in this paper.

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Section: Milli-meter Wave Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Millimeter Wave Antennas: A State-of-the-Art Survey of Recent Developments, Principles, and Applications

Aggarwal,

Roy,

Kumar

2024

PIER B

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“…Besides, thin microstrip arrays with flexible structures around the body's abdomen may be good choices for this purpose. For instance, corporateor series-fed microstrip arrays [38], [39], [40] can synthesize the arbitrary pattern and provide a low-level SAR. The main limiting factors in corporate-and series-fed methods are the antenna's width and expected frequency bandwidth, respectively.…”

Section: Conformal Array Antenna Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Conformal Leaky-Wave Antenna Design for IoMT-Based WBANs

et al. 2023

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Continuous health monitoring of vital signs of patients is a challenging issue, especially in emergency medical conditions. This paper designs a practical internet of medical things-based wireless body area network (IoMT-based WBAN), to address this issue. Accordingly, a two-fold test-bed design is proposed taking i) signaling and ii) antenna configuration into account to attain uninterruptible on/off-body communication links. Firstly, the Walsh-Hadamard coding technique is used in all bio-sensors to retain orthogonal simultaneous signaling for on-body links. Secondly, an antenna configuration of the hub is designed so that it prevents probable interruptions in off-body links which may be caused by some human postures. More accurately, a novel periodic leaky-wave antenna (LWA) with an elliptical belt shape is introduced which generates a quasi-omnidirectional pattern. The LWA is designed based on a multi-tone periodicity of a width-modulated microstrip line. At the design frequency of 5.8 GHz, the suggested conformal periodic LWA was simulated and then fabricated. Simulations and measurement results illustrate that the performance of on/off-body communication links is improved in comparison to conventional antennas. Furthermore, simulated and measured radiation patterns have a good agreement with theoretical calculations. Moreover, specific absorption rate (SAR) values of the proposed antenna are significantly below the SAR limits so that this technique can be highly recommended for WBAN applications. INDEX TERMSIoMT-based WBAN, continues health monitoring, conformal array, multi-tone periodicity, periodic LWA, open stopband.

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