Arqueología Del Territorio Aldeano Prehispanico Tardío en Los Altos De Arica: Aportes De La Fotointerpretación Satelital Para El Estudio Regional De La Cuenca Alta De Azapa

Abstract

Arqueología del territorio aldeano prehispánico tardío en los Altos de Arica: aportes de la fotointerpretación satelital para el estudio regional de la cuenca alta de Azapa

A perched, high-elevation wetland complex in the Atacama Desert (northern Chile) and its implications for past human settlement

“…The surveys contribute to understanding hunter-gatherer settlement patterns between cal. 10500 and 3500 years BP (Sepúlveda et al, 2017A, B), and sedentary and agriculture populations between the twelfth and fifteenth centuries (Saintenoy et al, 2017). The surface records correspond mainly to: (1) small isolated lithic knapping events; (2) concentrated lithic knapping areas;…”

“…This gradual transition occurs despite interactions with other sedentary groups; potters, farmers, and pastoralists that were settled in neighboring regions (Sepúlveda et al, 2018).From the twelfth century AD onwards, large settlements indicate a novel usage of the Precordillera, related to significant agricultural and pastoral practices requiring a strong sedentary imprint formed around three principal localities with considerable farming practices in the surrounding areas (Muñoz Ovalle, 2005). Farms are related to the presence of terraces and corrals for hosting domesticated camelids (Saintenoy et al, 2017). Subsequently, the Incas settled in the region from the fifteenth century AD onwards.…”

The making of an imperial agricultural landscape in the Valley of Belén

“…During colonial times (sixteenth and seventeenth centuries AD), this highland region was known as the 'Altos de Arica', and was populated by a multi-ethnic mix of Cole farmers and Camanchaca fishermen from the coastal valleys, along with Carangas farmers and shepherds from the Altiplano (Vasquez de Espinosa 1948[1629; Bouysse-Cassagne 1975). These mixed populations and their overlapping settlement patterns reflect the multi-zonal complementarity of Andean vertical ecology, characterised by intense interactions between the Altiplano and the Pacific coast (Saintenoy et al 2017).…”

“…The agro-pastoral territory of the Altos de Arica-currently in a process of abandonment due to the rural exodus during the twentieth century-has its origins in the Late Intermediate Period (eleventh-fifteenth centuries AD). At the beginning of the second millennium, a widespread village-based settlement pattern developed across the sierra region, with associated evidence for extensive agricultural planning, including elaborate hydraulic systems for water redistribution between watersheds (Saintenoy et al 2017). During the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, this territory was incorporated into the Inca Empire, and thus was integrated into its system of socio-territorial control based on a network of imperial infrastructures distributed across the different ecological levels between the Altiplano and the Pacific coast (Saintenoy et al 2019).…”

Walking and Stumbling on the Paths of Heritage-making for Rural Development in the Arica Highlands

“…The altiplano has a particularly low population density, with scattered herding hamlets dedicated to camelid production within and around the Lauca National Park, famous for its monumental natural landscapes. The precordillera is also largely abandoned, even though it used to be an important area of settlement during late prehispanic and colonial times, when it was extensively developed for irrigated agriculture and cattle raising (Saintenoy et al 2017). The traditional agropastoral economy, although depressed and uncompetitive at the regional level, is supported by cross-border immigrant families from Bolivia with multiresidential settlement systems (González et al 2013; Fundación Superación de la Pobreza 2016).…”