Arousal from sleep shortens sympathetic burst latency in humans

Xie, Ailiang; Skatrud, James B.; Puleo, Dominic S.; Morgan, Barbara J.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-7793.1999.621ac.x

Cited by 27 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Transient physiological phenomena, such as body movements and K-complexes during sleep, seem to result in altered ANS function [29,38], as was found in the present study as well. Also spontaneous sympathetic skin responses, the phenomenon reflecting changing internal and external body environment, have been shown to be most abundant in S4 sleep and lowest in REM sleep [22].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Nocturnal cardiac autonomic regulation in Parkinson?s disease

Kallio

Suominen

Haapaniemi

et al. 2004

Clinical Autonomic Research

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Diminished heart rate (HR) variability has been reported in patients with early phase Parkinson's disease (PD) using standardized cardiovascular reflex tests. However, limited data exist on HR variability during sleep; thus the present study was performed to investigate the characteristics of HR variability during different sleep stages. The HR variability of 21 newly diagnosed and untreated PD patients and of 22 control subjects was evaluated by using time domain, frequency domain and non-linear methods and by analyzing HR reactions to body movements during the different sleep stages (non-REM stages S1-4 and the REM stage). The nocturnal cardiac autonomic control was disturbed in PD patients compared to controls both during sleep and waking. HR reactions to body movements were decreased especially during REM sleep referring to defective sympathetic cardiovascular control. High frequency spectral power of HR variability was attenuated in the patients in waking and during non-REM sleep but not during REM sleep suggesting that parasympathetic cardiovascular control is also affected in early PD. However, the variance of R-R intervals during non-REM sleep was significantly increased in PD patients. Especially during this sleep stage the patients also moved more than the controls. HR variability is decreased not only in waking but also during sleep in PD patients. However, the increased variance of HR during non-REM sleep refers that in early phase of PD cardiovascular system is still able to react to changing body circumstances. Furthermore, our findings suggest that the indicators measuring the dominant sympathetic or parasympathetic activity of each given sleep stage are the most sensitive measures in revealing disturbed nocturnal ANS function.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Nocturnal cardiac autonomic regulation in Parkinson?s disease

Kallio

Suominen

Haapaniemi

et al. 2004

Clinical Autonomic Research

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“…Although spontaneous awakening may or may not be associated with the onset of physical activity, forced arousal may indicate immediate threat. During the brief period after arousal from sleep, the normal baroreflex is suspended (31), perhaps in preparation for a flight-or-fight response. Horner (14) presents a view that the process of arousal represents a distinct physiological state, with reduced gating of sensory information.…”

Section: Differences Between Spontaneous and Induced Arousals And Genmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiac changes during arousals from non-REM sleep in healthy volunteers

Nalivaiko

Catcheside²,

Adams³

et al. 2007

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Our aim was to evaluate cardiac changes evoked by spontaneous and sound-induced arousals from sleep. Cardiac responses to spontaneous and auditory-induced arousals were recorded during overnight sleep studies in 28 young healthy subjects (14 males, 14 females) during non-rapid eye movement sleep. Computerized analysis was applied to assess beat-to-beat changes in heart rate, atrio-ventricular conductance, and ventricular repolarization from 30 s before to 60 s after the auditory tone. During both types of arousals, the most consistent change was the increase in the heart rate (in 62% of spontaneous and in 89% of sound-induced arousals). This was accompanied by an increase or no change in PR interval and by a decrease or no change in QT interval. The magnitude of all cardiac changes was significantly higher for tone-induced vs. spontaneous arousals (mean +/- SD for heart rate: +9 +/- 8 vs. +13 +/- 9 beats per min; for PR prolongation: 14 +/- 16 vs. 24 +/- 22 ms; for QT shortening: -12 +/- 6 vs. -20 +/- 9 ms). The prevalence of transient tachycardia and PR prolongation was also significantly higher for tone-induced vs. spontaneous arousals (tachycardia: 85% vs. 57% of arousals, P < 0.001; PR prolongation: 51% vs. 25% of arousals, P < 0.001). All cardiac responses were short-lasting (10-15 s). We conclude that cardiac pacemaker region, conducting system, and ventricular myocardium may be under independent neural control. Prolongation of atrio-ventricular delay may serve to increase ventricular filling during arousal from sleep. Whether prolonged atrio-ventricular conductance associated with increased sympathetic outflow to the ventricular myocardium contributes to arrhythmogenesis during sudden arousal from sleep remains to be evaluated.

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“…Although we cannot completely discard this possibility, the differences in MAP and HR changes, from the point of view of their duration and acrophase, argues against this explanation. Circadian variations of the buffering capacity of cardiovascular reflexes, which may be influenced by the level of arousal, 21 should be explored in future studies. However, it should be pointed out that at least for the baroreflex sensitivity, this possibility is unlikely because this reflex is decreased in the awake state compared with the sleep period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Lasting Cardiovascular Effects of Liposome-Entrapped Angiotensin-(1-7) at the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla

Silva-Barcellos

Frézard²,

Caligiorne³

et al. 2001

Hypertension

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Abstract-The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of liposomes as a tool for the sustained release of the short half-life peptides of the renin-angiotensin system in a specific site of the brain. Angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7) was selected for this study because of its known cardiovascular effects at the level of the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) and because of the considerable interests in elucidating its physiopathological role as a neuromodulator. Ang-(1-7)-containing liposomes (LAng) were microinjected unilaterally in the RVLM of Wistar rats, and the effects on blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate were evaluated by telemetry. Empty liposomes (Lemp) were used as control. LAng elicited a significant pressor effect during daytime and bradycardia during nighttime that lasted for 5 and 3 days, respectively. These cardiovascular effects resulted in a significant attenuation of the circadian variations of MAP and heart rate. In the case of MAP, a significant inversion of the circadian rhythm was observed on day 2 after LAng microinjection. None of these effects were observed following microinjection of Lemp. Using this novel technique, it was possible to establish, in chronic conditions, the pressor effect of Ang-(1-7) at the RVLM. Moreover, our data unmasks a new physiological role for Ang-(1-7) at the level of the RVLM: modulation of the circadian rhythms of MAP and heart rate. Key Words: liposomes Ⅲ angiotensin-(1-7) Ⅲ cardiovascular effects Ⅲ rostral ventrolateral medulla Ⅲ Blood pressure Ⅲ heart rate S everal recent studies indicate that peptides of the reninangiotensin system (RAS) may act as important neuromodulators, especially in the brain medullary areas related to the tonic and reflex control of arterial pressure. 1 Experimental evidence was obtained following site-specific microinjections of these peptides; however, because of their very short in vivo half-life, only their acute cardiovascular effects could be observed. 2-6 Therefore, information is still lacking on the long-term effects of these peptides, which should allow a better understanding of their physiopathological role. To address this question, injectable microreservoirs, which could act as sustained release systems in specific sites of the brain, have to be developed. Liposomes appear to be good candidates because of their biocompatibility and their recognized potential for the encapsulation and delivery of polypeptides in vivo. 7 Moreover, liposome encapsulation was previously shown to produce a marked prolongation of the peripheral effect of some vasoactive peptides, including angiotensin (Ang) II, 8 vasopressin, 9 and vasoactive intestinal peptide. 10 In this work, we evaluated the potential of liposomes for the sustained release of RAS peptides in a specific site of the brain. Ang-(1-7) was selected for this study because of its known cardiovascular effects at the level of the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) 2-5 and because of the considerable interests in its long-term physiopharmacological effects. 11 More specifically, ...

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Arousal from sleep shortens sympathetic burst latency in humans

Cited by 27 publications

References 32 publications

Nocturnal cardiac autonomic regulation in Parkinson?s disease

Nocturnal cardiac autonomic regulation in Parkinson?s disease

Cardiac changes during arousals from non-REM sleep in healthy volunteers

Long-Lasting Cardiovascular Effects of Liposome-Entrapped Angiotensin-(1-7) at the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla

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