Aromatic compounds‐mediated synthesis of anatase‐free hierarchical TS‐1 zeolite: Exploring design strategies via machine learning and enhanced catalytic performance

Abstract

Simultaneous achievement of constructing mesopores and eliminating anatase is a long‐term pursuit for enhancing the catalytic performance of TS‐1. Here, we developed an aromatic compounds‐mediated synthesis method to prepare anatase‐free and hierarchical TS‐1 for olefin epoxidation. A series of hierarchical TS‐1 zeolites were prepared by introducing aromatic compounds containing different functional groups via the crystallization process. The formation of intercrystalline mesopores and insertion of titanium into framework were facilitated at different extent. The synergistic coordination of carboxyl and hydroxyl in aromatic compounds with Ti(OH)4 realizes the uniform distribution of titanium species and eliminates the generation of anatase. Noteworthily, eight machine learning models were trained to reveal the mechanism of additive functional groups and preparation conditions on anatase formation and microstructure optimization. The prediction accuracy of most models can reach more than 80%. Benefiting from the larger mesopore volumes (0.37 cm3·g−1) and higher content of framework Ti species, TS‐DHBDC‐48h samples exhibit a higher catalytic performance than other zeolites, giving 1‐hexene conversion of 49.3% and 1,2‐epoxyhenane selectivity of 99.9%. The paper provides a facile aromatic compounds‐mediated synthesis strategy and promotes the application of machine learning toward the design and optimization of new zeolites.

Review and perspectives on TS-1 catalyzed propylene epoxidation

“…It guides the formation of inter-crystalline mesopores, regulates the distribution of Ti species, and eliminates the generation of anatase during crystallization. 196 However, the synthesis of hierarchical zeolites with tunable mesopore sizes and comprehension of the mesopore generation mechanism are still challenging.…”

“…Unfortunately, this method of destruction inevitably results in a loss of zeolite mass, which changes the elemental ratio of the zeolite framework. 203 TPAOH, 161 , 193 , 194 , 195 , 196 , 197 , 198 , 199 , 200 , 201 , 202 , 203 , 204 , 205 , 206 , 207 NaOH, 106 sour 62 and fluoride 208 , 209 are commonly used etchants for the synthesis of hierarchical TS-1 zeolites, especially with hollow morphology.…”