Symptoms of Armillaria root rot were observed on the herbaceous ornamental, Hemerocallis sp. (daylily), in a residential area in Walhalla, South Carolina, which was surrounded by dense, hardwood forest that also contained diseased hosts. Our objectives were to describe a natural occurrence of Armillaria root rot on daylily, a newly discovered host for the pathogen, and to characterize the Armillaria species involved. To characterize the Armillaria species collected from daylily, we used all available methods, including both traditional (sexual compatibility tests, basidiome morphology) and molecular (phylogenetic analyses of rDNA internal transcribed spacer, ITS, and intergenic spacer I, IGS-I) approaches. The presence of rhizomorphs in the topsoil of daylily beds and on the roots of symptomatic daylilies, coupled with our finding of identical ITS1 sequences among isolates originating from each of a rhizomorph, a daylily, and a neighbouring dogwood, suggests that Armillaria rhizomorphs had spread from native hosts to infect the daylilies. Basidiocarp morphology and basidiospore size best matched that documented for A. gallica. However, rDNA sequence analysis and sexual compatibility were not 100% conclusive. Phylogenetic analysis of ITS sequences revealed that the unknown Armillaria isolates were most closely related to A. calvescens and A. gallica. Analysis of IGS-I sequences was even less informative, grouping our isolates with A. cepistipes, A. gallica and A. sinapina. Sexual compatibility (mating) tests revealed that haploid isolates from daylily were compatible with three of the A. gallica tester isolates, but also one of the A. calvescens tester isolates. Our findings suggest a possible southerly distribution and expanded host range for A. gallica, and raise further questions about the Armillaria species concept as it pertains to the two closely related species, A. calvescens and A. gallica.
Résumé:Les symptômes du pourridié-agaric ont été observés sur la plante herbacée ornementale Hemerocallis sp. (belle-d'un-jour) dans un quartier résidentiel de Walhalla, en Caroline du Sud, qui était entouré par une forêt dense de feuillus qui comportait également des arbres infectés. Nos objectifs étaient de décrire une occurrence naturelle du pourridié-agaric sur la belle-d'un-jour, un hôte récemment découvert, et de caractériser l'espèce d'Armillaria impliquée dans le processus. Afin de caractériser l'espèce d'Armillaria collectée sur la belle-d'un-jour, nous avons utilisé toutes les méthodes disponibles, y compris les méthodes traditionnelles (les tests de compatibilité sexuelle, la morphologie du basidiome) et moléculaires [les analyses phylogéniques de l'espaceur transcrit interne de l'ADNr (ITS) et de l'espaceur intergénique I (IGS-I)]. La présence de rhizomorphes dans le sol des massifs de belles-d'un-jour et sur les racines des plants affichant les symptômes, associée à notre découverte de séquences ITS1 identiques dans les isolats provenant d'un rhizomorphe, d'une belle-d'un-jour et d'un cornouiller voisin, su...