Armet, an aphid effector protein, induces pathogen resistance in plants by promoting the accumulation of salicylic acid

Cui, Na; Liang, Hong; Wang, Tianzuo; Zhang, Wenhao; Kang, Le; Cui, Feng

doi:10.1098/rstb.2018.0314

Cited by 49 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, the unique pattern of the aphid host races in manipulating the host defenses may result from the differentially expressed salivary proteins of aphids, which has important consequences for modifying the cross-talk between SA and JA signaling pathways [36]. A recent study showed that Armet, a salivary protein from A. pisum , can suppress the effective JA pathway through the modification of the SA pathway to benefit the feeding activity of A. pisum [37]. Mp10, a salivary protein from M. persicae , could activate both the JA and SA signaling pathways, which led to the relatively low fecundity upon Nicotiana benthamiana [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increases in Genistein in Medicago sativa Confer Resistance against the Pisum Host Race of Acyrthosiphon pisum

Yuan

Huang

Gao

et al. 2019

Insects

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Interspecific interaction with host plants have important consequences for the host race formation of herbivorous insects. Plant secondary metabolites, particularly those that are involved in host races specializing on plants, warrant the theory of host specialization. Acyrthosiphon pisum comprises various host races that adapt to different Fabaceae plants, which provides an ideal system for determining the behavioral and physiological mechanisms underlying host-adaptive diversification. The current study evaluated the effects of host transfer on population fitness, feeding behavior and the transcriptome-wide gene expression of the two host races of A. pisum, one of which was originally from Medicago sativa and the other from Pisum sativum. The results showed that the Pisum host race of A. pisum had a lower population abundance and feeding efficiency than the Medicago host race in terms of a longer penetration time and shorter duration times of phloem ingestion when fed on M. sativa. In contrast, few differences were found in the population abundance and feeding behavior of A. pisum between the two host races when fed on P. sativum. Meanwhile, of the nine candidate phenolic compounds, only genistein was significantly affected by aphid infestation; higher levels of genistein were detected in M. sativa after feeding by the Pisum host race, but these levels were reduced relative to uninfested controls after feeding by the Medicago host race, which suggested that genistein may be involved in the specialization of the aphid host race on M. sativa. Further exogenous application of genistein in artificial diets showed that the increase in genistein reduced the survival rate of the Pisum host race but had little effect on that of the Medicago host race. The transcriptomic profiles indicated that the transcripts of six genes with functions related to detoxification were up-regulated in the Pisum host race relative to the Medicago host race of A. pisum. These results suggested that the inducible plant phenolics and associated metabolic process in aphids resulted in their differential adaptations to their Fabaceae host.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increases in Genistein in Medicago sativa Confer Resistance against the Pisum Host Race of Acyrthosiphon pisum

Yuan

Huang

Gao

et al. 2019

Insects

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“…Several aphid effectors have now been shown to contribute to aphid virulence; C002 and Armet from A. pisum and M. persicae , Me10 and Me23 from M. euphorbiae , and Mp1, Mp2, and Mp55 from M. persicae ; but their molecular interactions with the plants have just begun to be revealed (Rodriguez and Bos, 2013; Elzinga et al, 2014; Jaouannet et al, 2014; Rodriguez et al, 2017; Cui et al, 2019). Armet from A. pisum and M. persicae promotes SA accumulation (Cui et al, 2019). Mp1 from M. persicae hampers the Vacuolar Protein Sorting Associated Protein52 (VPS52) in the hosts Arabidopsis and potato.…”

Section: Aphid-induced Plant Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Genes Benefitting Aphids—Potential for Exploitation in Resistance Breeding

2019

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Aphids are phloem sap-feeding insects common as pests in various crops. Here we review 62 omics studies of aphid/plant interactions to search for indications of how aphids may manipulate the plants to make them more suitable as hosts, i.e. more susceptible. Our aim is to try to reveal host plant susceptibility (S) genes, knowledge which can be exploited for making a plant more resistant to its pest by using new plant breeding techniques to knock out or down such S genes. S genes may be of two types, those that are involved in reducing functional plant defense and those involved in further increasing plant factors that are positive to the aphid, such as facilitated access to food or improved nutritional quality. Approximately 40% of the omics studies we have reviewed indicate how aphids may modify their host to their advantage. To exploit knowledge obtained so far, we suggest knocking out/down candidate aphid S genes using CRISPR/Cas9 or RNAi techniques in crops to evaluate if this will be sufficient to keep the aphid pest at economically viable levels without severe pleiotropic effects. As a complement, we also propose functional studies of recessively inherited resistance previously discovered in some aphid–crop combinations, to potentially identify new types of S genes that later could be knocked out or down also in other crops to improve their resistance to aphids.

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“…Nicotiana benthamiana has been used for virus transmission assays, VIGS of M. persicae genes, and transient expression of genes from other species to determine their effects on aphid growth and reproduction (Del Toro et al;Ramsey et al, 2007;Bos et al, 2010;Pitino and Hogenhout, 2013;Casteel et al, 2014;Elzinga et al, 2014;Rodriguez et al, 2014;Krenz et al, 2015;Tzin et al, 2015;Mulot et al, 2016;Mathers et al, 2017;Cui et al, 2019;Worrall et al, 2019). However, experiments of this kind are hampered by the fact that many M. persicae isolates do not perform well on N. benthamiana.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An acylsugar-deficientNicotiana benthamianastrain for aphid and whitefly research

Feng¹,

Acosta‐Gamboa

Kruse

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Nicotiana benthamiana is used extensively as a platform for transient gene expression and as a model system for studying plant-virus interactions. However, many tobacco-feeding insects, e.g. Myzus persicae (green peach aphids) and Bemisia tabaci (whiteflies), grow poorly on N. benthamiana, limiting its utility for research on plant-insect interactions. Using CRISPR/Cas9, we generated knockout mutations in two N. benthamiana acylsugar acyltransferase genes, ASAT1 and ASAT2, which contribute to the biosynthesis of insect-deterrent acylsucroses. Whereas ASAT1 mutations reduced the abundance of two predominant acylsucroses, ASAT2 mutations caused almost complete depletion of foliar acylsucroses. Both M. persicae and B. tabaci survived and reproduced significantly better on asat2 mutant plants than on wildtype N. benthamiana. Furthermore, ASAT1 and ASAT2 mutations reduced the water content and increased the temperature of leaves, indicating that foliar acylsucroses can protect against desiccation. Improved aphid and whitefly performance on ASAT2 mutants will make it possible to use the efficient transient overexpression and gene expression silencing systems that are available for N. benthamiana to study plant-insect interactions. Additionally, the absence of acylsugars in ASAT2 mutant lines will simplify transient expression assays for the functional analysis of acylsugar biosynthesis genes from other Solanaceae.

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Armet, an aphid effector protein, induces pathogen resistance in plants by promoting the accumulation of salicylic acid

Cited by 49 publications

References 33 publications

Increases in Genistein in Medicago sativa Confer Resistance against the Pisum Host Race of Acyrthosiphon pisum

Increases in Genistein in Medicago sativa Confer Resistance against the Pisum Host Race of Acyrthosiphon pisum

Plant Genes Benefitting Aphids—Potential for Exploitation in Resistance Breeding

An acylsugar-deficientNicotiana benthamianastrain for aphid and whitefly research

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