Armed Conflict and Poverty in Central America

Brentlinger, Paula E.; Hernán, Miguel A.

doi:10.1097/ede.0b013e3181570c24

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…First, reductions in families’ social class can be caused by violence. This can happen because of changes in household composition due to killings and injuries of formerly employed adults the destruction of assets (e.g., damages to homes) and livelihoods or displacement and migration (Brentlinger and Hernan 2007; Justino 2009). Violent environments may also negatively impact households’ social class through reduced access to local exchange, employment, and social networks.…”

Section: Review Of the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Social support networks, which are an important source of social and economic resources for poor families, can be disrupted, leaving them isolated and without assistance (McIlwaine and Moser 2001; Moser and McIlwaine 2004). Staying healthy and accessing needed health services when ill can also become more difficult; as such, the health impacts of violence in Latin America have been severe for poor residents, and these include child stunting due to inadequate nutrition, increases in tuberculosis, and mental health challenges (Brentlinger and Hernan 2007). …”

Section: Review Of the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Raising children in a violent context: An intersectionality approach to understanding parents' experiences in Ciudad Juárez

Grineski¹,

Hernandez²,

Ramos³

2013

Women's Studies International Forum

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Children and parents’ daily lives are rarely highlighted in coverage of drug wars. Using 16 interviews with parents in the Mexican border city of Juárez in 2010, we examine how drug violence impacts families with a focus on intersections of gender and social class. Related to mobility (the first emergent theme), fathers had increased mobility as compared to mothers, which caused different stresses. Material hardships heightened mothers’ isolation within the home, and mothers more often had to enforce children’s mobility restrictions, which children resisted. Related to employment (the second emergent theme), fathers took on dangerous jobs to provide for the family while mothers had fewer options for informal employment due to violence. In sum, men and women faced different challenges, which were intensified due to class-based material disadvantages. Conformity with traditional gender expectations for behavior was common for men and women, illustrating the normalization of gender inequality within this context.

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Section: Review Of the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Review Of the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Raising children in a violent context: An intersectionality approach to understanding parents' experiences in Ciudad Juárez

Grineski¹,

Hernandez²,

Ramos³

2013

Women's Studies International Forum

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“…Tam et al plead in their editorial “Epidemiology in conflict—A call to arms” for more structured research and reasoned discussion on wars' impact on the public health and possible interventions in future conflicts ( 23 ). Within the field of epidemiology, population and public health studies growing attention is given to deaths and sufferings related to homicide ( 24 – 26 ), domestic violence ( 27 , 28 ), suicide ( 29 , 30 ), and armed conflict ( 31 – 34 ); only a few epidemiological studies focused on genocide ( 10 , 35 , 36 ). This limited attention might be due to poorer data availability and quality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Epidemiological Perspective on the Investigation of Genocide

Tammes

2022

Front. Epidemiol.

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“…Understanding the health of immigrants in the United States will become increasingly important, as more immigrants settle in the United States than in any other country [24]. We studied Central America because of the high rates of armed conflict and violence in this region [2526]. We study long-term effects of armed conflict in displaced populations, which can persist over time [27] and be detected for decades following the conflicts [2829].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Armed Conflict in Central America and Immigrant Health in the United States

Green

BeLue

Boakye

et al. 2018

Annals of Global Health

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Background:While many researchers document the immediate and localized health effects of armed conflicts on combatants are well documented in the literature, less is known about the effects of armed conflict on individuals who have subsequently migrated elsewhere.Objective:This study aims to estimate associations between pre-migration armed conflict in Central America and post-migration health in the United States.Methods:We created a new dataset that combines information on armed conflicts in Central America and immigrant health in the United States. We used ordered probit regressions to estimate age-adjusted associations between pre-migration armed conflict and post-migration health.Findings:The study sample of Central American immigrants included 15,563 females and 16,236 males between the ages 15 and 69. The mean age was 37.2 years (standard deviation, 11.6 years) for females and 35.5 years (standard deviation, 11.2 years) for males. After adjusting for age, pre-migration armed conflict was associated with a 8.6 percentage point decrease in excellent health for females (95% confidence interval, 6.0 to 11.1), and a 7.3 percentage point decrease for males (95% confidence interval, 4.0 to 10.7). Each decade of pre-migration armed conflict was associated a 2.9-percentage point decrease in excellent health for females (95% confidence interval, 2.0 to 3.8) and a 1.6-percentage point decrease for males (95% confidence interval, 0.6 to 2.6). For those individuals exposed to armed conflict, each decade since the most recent armed conflict was associated with a 1.5 percentage point increase in excellent health for females (95% confidence interval, 0.4 to 2.5). For males, the average marginal effect of decades since last conflict was not statistically significant (95% confidence interval, –0.001 to 0.002).Conclusions:Pre-migration armed conflict in Central America is associated with decreases in excellent post-migration health in the United States. The effects of armed conflict are cumulative and fade over time for females.

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Armed Conflict and Poverty in Central America

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

Raising children in a violent context: An intersectionality approach to understanding parents' experiences in Ciudad Juárez

Raising children in a violent context: An intersectionality approach to understanding parents' experiences in Ciudad Juárez

An Epidemiological Perspective on the Investigation of Genocide

Armed Conflict in Central America and Immigrant Health in the United States

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