Armed and prohibited: characteristics of unlawful owners of legally purchased firearms

Pear, Veronica A.; McCort, Christopher D.; Li, Yueju; Beckett, Laurel A.; Tancredi, Daniel J.; Studdert, David M.; Kass, Philip H.; Pierce, Glenn L.; Braga, Anthony A.; Wright, Michelle; Laqueur, Hannah; Kravitz‐Wirtz, Nicole; Wintemute, Garen J.

doi:10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043479

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…However, there is no procedure under federal law for the removal of firearms from these same classes of prohibited possessors or for checking to see whether they have firearms at the time they become prohibited possessors. In 2015, there were at least 19,000 prohibited firearm owners who had legally purchased their firearm in California, a figure used to extrapolate a conservative estimate of 100,000 firearm owners nationally who are prohibited possessors because of a felony conviction (Pear et al, 2021).…”

Section: Surrender Of Firearms By Prohibited Possessorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Science of Gun Policy: A Critical Synthesis of Research Evidence on the Effects of Gun Policies in the United States, Third Edition

2023

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Effective gun policies in the United States must balance Second Amendment rights and public interest in gun ownership with concerns about public health and safety. However, efforts to craft legislation related to guns are hampered by a paucity of reliable information about the effects of such policies. To help address this problem, the RAND Corporation launched the Gun Policy in America initiative. Throughout RAND's 70-year history, in multiple projects, in many policy arenas, and on topics that are sensitive and controversial, researchers have conducted analyses, built tools, and developed resources to help policy makers and the public make effective decisions. The primary goal of the Gun Policy in America project is to create resources where policymakers and the general public can access unbiased information that facilitates the development of fair and effective firearm policies.This initiative has yielded several research products, such as a state firearm law database; surveys of policy experts that identified where access to reliable data would be most useful in resolving policy debates; various tools and methodological reports for researchers; and the first and second editions of this report, which synthesized the available scientific data on the effects of 18 types of firearm policies on a variety of outcomes related to gun ownership. This third edition builds on the second edition by updating the literature review to include studies published through October 2020. The result is a substantially updated synthesis of the available evidence concerning the effects of 18 types of gun policies.The Gun Policy in America initiative did not attempt to evaluate the merits of different values or principles that sometimes drive policy disagreements. Rather, our focus is strictly on the empirical effects of policies on the eight outcomes specified in this report. All of our resources are publicly available on the project website at www.rand.org/gunpolicy.The work should be of interest to policymakers and other stakeholders considering decisions related to firearm policy. Furthermore, this report may be of interest to the research community and to the general public. Justice Policy ProgramRAND Social and Economic Well-Being is a division of the RAND Corporation that seeks to actively improve the health and social and economic well-being of populations and communities throughout the world. This research was conducted in the Justice Policy Program within RAND Social and Economic Well-Being. The program focuses on such topics as access to justice, policing, corrections, drug policy, and court system reform, as well as other policy concerns pertaining to public safety and criminal and civil justice. For more information, email

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Section: Surrender Of Firearms By Prohibited Possessorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Science of Gun Policy: A Critical Synthesis of Research Evidence on the Effects of Gun Policies in the United States, Third Edition

2023

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“…Both state governments and federal policies aim to disallow gun purchase and possession among persons at elevated risk, including those at risk for perpetrating IPV. Efforts to enforce such prohibitions are underway in some states, including programs to enforce the removal of firearms from those who become prohibited from owning firearms after purchasing them (Pear et al, 2021) or removal of firearms at the time domestic violence restraining orders are served (Zeoli et al, 2019).…”

Section: Np23364mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prior Drug-Related Criminal Charges and Risk for Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration Among Authorized Purchasers of Handguns in California

Pallin

Wright

Tomsich

et al. 2022

J Interpers Violence

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Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a considerable public health problem in the US, and evidence suggests that both drugs and firearms contribute to the risk of IPV and its severity. This study uses a retrospective, longitudinal cohort design to explore the association between past arrests, charges incurred in the legal process, and convictions for drug-related crimes, and risk of future arrest for IPV among legal handgun purchasers. The cohort included all legal purchasers of handguns in California in 2001 between the ages of 21 and 49 ( n = 79,678), 156 of whom had pre-purchase drug charges and post-purchase IPV charges. We used Cox proportional hazards regression with age at time of handgun purchase, sex, and race/ethnicity, and an array of community characteristics as covariates. Over the study period (2001-2013), in comparison to handgun purchasers who had no charges or convictions prior to their index purchase, risk for future IPV arrest was increased for purchasers whose only prior charges were drug-related (aHR = 3.4 [95% CI: 2.4-4.9]) and purchasers who had both prior drug- and non-drug related charges (aHR = 4.9 [95% CI: 4.1-6.0]). The magnitude of the risk ratio was greater when multiple drug types were involved and when the person had been charged with both the use and sale of drugs. Our findings suggest that, among legal handgun purchasers, prior drug charges are associated with future risk of IPV arrests or convictions. Given the established link between firearm access and IPV severity and fatality, these findings may inform the development and enforcement of policies that reduce firearm access for those at elevated risk of perpetrating intimate partner violence.

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State efforts to enforce firearm dispossession through relinquishment laws

Oliphant,

Zeoli

2024

Criminology & Public Policy

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Research SummaryAlthough federal law prohibits firearm possession by individuals who have been convicted of a disqualifying offense and those who are subject to certain domestic violence protective orders (DVPOs), it does not provide a mechanism for enforcing firearm dispossession. Some states have adopted relinquishment laws to enforce firearm possession restrictions among prohibited persons following a disqualifying status or conviction. To date, limited research has assessed the statutory characteristics of firearm relinquishment laws related to DVPOs. We build on this work by assessing DVPO and conviction‐based relinquishment statutes, including legislative changes through time, to identify gaps in policy.Policy ImplicationsOur analysis revealed that many states still lack statutory elements that are expected to increase the likelihood of firearm dispossession, such as requiring the court to order relinquishment, strict standards for providing proof of firearm transfer or some form of compliance verification, and provisions that authorize law enforcement to recover unrelinquished firearms. The absence of such elements may facilitate unlawful firearm retention by those who become prohibited possessors. States might consider adopting relinquishment provisions that outline clear requirements for actors (i.e., judges, prohibited possessors, law enforcement) at each stage of the process to ensure that firearms are relinquished following a disqualifying conviction or DVPO.

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Armed and prohibited: characteristics of unlawful owners of legally purchased firearms

Cited by 5 publications

References 19 publications

The Science of Gun Policy: A Critical Synthesis of Research Evidence on the Effects of Gun Policies in the United States, Third Edition

The Science of Gun Policy: A Critical Synthesis of Research Evidence on the Effects of Gun Policies in the United States, Third Edition

Prior Drug-Related Criminal Charges and Risk for Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration Among Authorized Purchasers of Handguns in California

State efforts to enforce firearm dispossession through relinquishment laws

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