Arm Pain from Tug of War

Khosravi, Abtin H.; Blalock, Richard; Marra, Guido; Mcfarland, E. G.; Martire, Joe

doi:10.1249/00005768-200605001-01608

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…In addition, there are several reports of medical complications, such as hernias [ 12 ], retinal hemorrhage [ 13 ] and fractures [ 4 , 14 ]. Finally, in addition, one study published described a tear in a bicep muscle [ 15 ].…”

Section: Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of Tug of War Competition: A Narrative Complete Review

Cayero

Rocandio

Zubillaga

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Tug-of-war (TOW) is an internationally played activity including professional and amateur athletes, defined as early as 4000 years ago (as a rope-less version) in the artwork on Egyptian tomb engravings, and is played as per the rules laid out by TWIF, which has 73 member countries and administrative headquarters in the USA. Typically, two teams of “pullers” participate and apply enormous contra directional forces on the pulling rope. Originally, two types of competition are used: knockout and points. This narrative review describes the scientific state of the art of TOW. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no previous information has been published on this topic. Anthropometric parameters for competitors are near 83.6, lean body mass 69.4, and body fat 16. The VO2MAX is 55.8 mL/kg/min. In terms of relative strength, the dynamic leg power is 4659.8 N. Endurance TOW elicits minimal muscle damage. Injured strains and sprains comprised over half of all injuries: back (42%), shoulder–upper limb (23%) and knee (17%). Pulling movement in TOW contests can be divided into three phases, namely the “drop”, “hold” and “drive” phases. The maximal pulling force was 1041.6 ± 123.9 N. The percentage of dynamic pulling force in the static maximal pulling force was 75.5 ± 14.4% and the dynamic ranged from 106.4 to 182.5%. There are two gripping styles: indoor and outdoor. The friction characteristics between surface and shoe in TOW is important in determining a suitable shoe for indoor TOW. A waist belt might be a useful piece of equipment for TOW sport. The EMG technique in TOW entails a high degree of dorsal muscle activity during the pulling. The factor of force vanishing was the coordination among athletes. The force vanishing percentage goes from 8.82 ± 5.59 for two contenders to 19.74 ± 2.22 for eight athletes, 6.4% in the sum of two pullers. However, in the drop phase, for female elite TOW team, only the 0.5% of the pulling force was wasted. Future studies are need in order to understand better this historical sport activity.

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Section: Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The description of pulling technique is important for understanding this particular sport. The pulling position and the relationship between the body inclination, holding height and pulling force has been studied [ 15 , 16 ]. The elite TOW pullers produce the motion to pull by more than their arms; the entire body is used as well.…”

Section: Kinetics Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Tug of War Competition: A Narrative Complete Review

Cayero

Rocandio

Zubillaga

et al. 2021

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Anyway, there are several reports of medical complications such as hernias [11], retinal hemorrhage [12] and fractures [4,13]. Finally, in addition one study published describing a tear of a biceps muscle [15].…”

Section: Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The description of pulling technique is important to understand this particular sport. The pulling position and the relationship among body inclination, holding height and pulling force has been studied [15,16]. The elite TOW pullers produced the motion to pull by not only arm.…”

Section: Kinetics Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Tug of War Competition. A Narrative Complete Review

Cayero¹,

Rocandio²,

Calleja-González³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Tug-of-war (TOW) is an internationally played activity including professional and amateur athletes and defined as early (4000 years ago as a rope less version) in the artwork on Egyptian tomb engravings and is played as per the rules laid out by TWIF, which has 73 member countries and administrative headquarters in the USA. Typically, two teams of “pullers” participate and apply enormous contra directional forces on the pulling rope. Originally, two types of competition are used: knockout and points. This narrative review describes the scientific state of the art about of TOW. For the best of the author’s knowledge no previous information has been published.

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Arm Pain from Tug of War

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Analysis of Tug of War Competition: A Narrative Complete Review

Analysis of Tug of War Competition: A Narrative Complete Review

Analysis of Tug of War Competition. A Narrative Complete Review

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