Aristotle Meets Zeno: Psychophysiological Evidence

Papageorgiou, Charalabos; Stachtea, Xanthi; Papageorgiou, Panos; Alexandridis, Antonio T.; Tsaltas, Eleftheria; Angelopoulos, Elias

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168067

Cited by 13 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…This fact showcases the importance of an appropriate choice of a mother wavelet in order to achieve accurate modeling. In our case, we chose the complex Morlet mother wavelet (t) for the convolution step, which has been used with significant success in this process [38]. This convolution leads to a new signal W x (b, a), where α is the scaling parameter of the wavelet, and b stands for the translation parameter.…”

Section: Methodology For Erp Detection With Continuous Wavelet Tramentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspective-Taking in Blindness: An Event- Related Brain Potentials Study With the Continuous Wavelet Transform

et al. 2020

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This study presents brain electrophysiological characteristics of perspective-taking for blind individuals ver. sighted ones, aiming to extend our knowledge on social concept formation with visual sensory modality loss. A blind and a sighted group instructed to consider the moral dilemmas therein from a neutral (observer), a morally positive or a negative stance, after the auditory presentation of Aesop's fables. We recorded the basic emotions evoked by every stance in each fable, and the late positive potentials (LPP) component of Event-Related Potential detected with Continuous Wavelet Transform, believed to reflect the sustained attention and stimuli encoding processes. Blind participants demonstrated: i) significantly attenuated LPP amplitudes at distributed brain areas, particularly at leads T3, P4, O2, T6, Cz, Pz, CPz and CP4 (p values 0.026-0.003), ii) prolonged LPP latencies at parietal areas, at leads CP4 (p=0.009), Pz (p=0.019), and P4 (p=0.023), iii) shorter latencies at the frontal area (lead FPz, p=0.026) and iv) significantly shorter latencies at the right posterior centrotemporal area under the negative than the positive condition (lead C4, p=0.009). Both groups exhibited higher LPP amplitudes under the morally positive, and lower under the negative condition located at the parietal areas (P3, p=0.001 and CPz, p=0.013). The relationships between behavior and LPP activation conform to the proposed generation and modulation of LPP. Our findings suggest that the visually deprived cortex may become more responsive to processes associated with perspective-taking, possibly through compensatory plasticity enabling cross-modal reorganization. Thus, the study introduces a novel model for accessing the sustained attention and stimulus-encoding processes underlying perspective-taking. INDEX TERMS Event-related potentials, blindness, late positive potentials, continuous wavelet transform, perspective-taking.

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Section: Methodology For Erp Detection With Continuous Wavelet Tramentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspective-Taking in Blindness: An Event- Related Brain Potentials Study With the Continuous Wavelet Transform

et al. 2020

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“…Hence, all men are mortal.”: True or False?. Papageorgiou et al (2016) , investigated the EEG correlates of a series of valid and paradoxical statements and found that “ During the processing of paradoxes, results demonstrated a more positive event-related potential deflection (P300) across frontal regions, whereas processing of valid statements was associated with noticeable P300 amplitudes across parieto-occipital regions ”. Is there any useful information in these data that can integrate what the participants experience as thoughts, feelings and emotions?…”

Section: Reasoningmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the primacy and irreducible nature of first-person versus third-person information

2017

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In this essay, we will support the claim that at the current level of scientific advancement a) some first-person accounts cannot be reduced to their third-person neural and psychophysiological correlates and b) that these first-person accounts are the only information to reckon when it is necessary to analyse qualia contents. Consequently, for many phenomena, first-person accounts are the only reliable source of information available and the knowledge of their neural and psychophysical correlates don’t offer any additional information about them.

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“…Zeno introduced the paradoxes as a method of indirect proof (“reduction ad absurdum”). Namely, this method requires temporarily assuming some thesis, which the orator is in fact opposed to, and then attempting to deduce an absurd conclusion or a contradiction and by that means undermining the original supposition ( Plutarch, 1916 ; Papageorgiou et al, 2016 ). A paradox is a statement or a proposition that despite apparently sound reasoning from acceptable-valid premises, leads to a conclusion that appears self-contradictory or logically unacceptable -from the common sense- ( Oxford Wordpower Dictionary, 1993 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paradoxical Reasoning: An fMRI Study

et al. 2022

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Paradoxes are a special form of reasoning leading to absurd inferences in contrast to logical reasoning that is used to reach valid conclusions. A functional MRI (fMRI) study was conducted to investigate the neural substrates of paradoxical and deductive reasoning. Twenty-four healthy participants were scanned using fMRI, while they engaged in reasoning tasks based on arguments, which were either Zeno’s like paradoxes (paradoxical reasoning) or Aristotelian arguments (deductive reasoning). Clusters of significant activation for paradoxical reasoning were located in bilateral inferior frontal and middle temporal gyrus. Clusters of significant activation for deductive reasoning were located in bilateral superior and inferior parietal lobe, precuneus, and inferior frontal gyrus. These results confirmed that different brain activation patterns are engaged for paradoxical vs. deductive reasoning providing a basis for future studies on human physiological as well as pathological reasoning.

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Aristotle Meets Zeno: Psychophysiological Evidence

Cited by 13 publications

References 63 publications

Perspective-Taking in Blindness: An Event- Related Brain Potentials Study With the Continuous Wavelet Transform

Perspective-Taking in Blindness: An Event- Related Brain Potentials Study With the Continuous Wavelet Transform

On the primacy and irreducible nature of first-person versus third-person information

Paradoxical Reasoning: An fMRI Study

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