Aristotle and the American Indians: A Study in Race Prejudice in the Modern World

Abstract

THE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY HISTORICAL REVIEWscript maps owned by the Clements Library are described in this detailed guide. Not included here are the more than 40,000 printed maps also owned by the Library. Many of the maps noted are closely allied to, or form a part of, manuscript collections in the Library the majority being from the papers of Generals Clinton and Gage and of other British colonial officials. One large group of maps is from the papers of Loammi Baldwin and son, early American civil engineers. The maps are listed in a geographical arrangement with authorship and date given when known. Brief descriptions, giving subject, scale, and location in the Library, are likewise supplied. An appendix contains a list of manuscript maps in other collections of which the Clements Library has facsimiles.

American archaeology and physical anthropology in historical perspective

“…Whether one wondered, as had the Spanish, if the Indians were the "natural slaves" of Aristotle (Hanke, 1959) or felt that the simplicity of their nature would not permit survival under the imported conditions of a transplanted Europe, the question of Indian nature was rapidly transformed from morphology to behavior and from classificatory description to sociocultural evaluation. In short, by the middle of the nineteenth century, on the eve of continental expansion justified by a felt doctrine of "manifest destiny," a problem which seemed so esoteric in its attack, so much a contribution to universal knowledge in its resolution, became politicized.…”

Introduction: Viewing Animals

“…Just as the Spanish and English colonialists in the New World debated the nature of the nativeswere they human or not? (see Hanke 1959;and Pagden 1982)-so Trinculo wonders what it is he sees lying before him:…”

Globalization, states, and the health of indigenous peoples

“…The wilderness was to be transformed into a garden, and the savages-agents of Satan-were to be overcome and expelled. 19 There were always those whose view differed, of course, for example, Bartolomé de las Casas in Latin America in the mid-16th century 20 and various missionaries and anti-slavery organizations elsewhere in the Americas in the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries. 21 Nonetheless, until the turn of the 20th century, defense of the rights of indigenous peoples to their own land and to the preservation of their cultures was relatively feeble.…”