“…Formalisms like description and causal logics, e.g., (Besnard, Cordier, & Moinard, 2014;Dehaspe & Raedt, 1996;Krötzsch, Marx, Ozaki, & Thost, 2018;LeBlanc, Balduccini, & Vennekens, 2019), allow for measuring and detecting bias in data collections of diverse types, e.g, online data sets (Pitoura et al, 2017) and recommendation systems (Serbos, Qi, Mamoulis, Pitoura, & Tsaparas, 2017). They also enable the annotation of statements with trustworthiness (Son, Pontelli, Gelfond, & Balduccini, 2016) and temporality (Ozaki, Krötzsch, & Rudolph, 2019), as well as causation relationships between them (LeBlanc et al, 2019).…”