Arenicella chitinivorans sp. nov., a gammaproteobacterium isolated from the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius

Abstract

A strictly aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile and yellow-pigmented bacterial strain, designated KMM 6208 T , was isolated from a sea urchin. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that this novel isolate was affiliated to the class Gammaproteobacteria and formed a robust cluster with Arenicella xantha KMM 3895 T with 98.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. Strain KMM 6208 T grew in the presence of 0.5-5 % NaCl and at a temperature range of 4-38 6C. The isolate was oxidase-positive and hydrolysed aesculin, casein, chitin, gelatin, starch and Tweens 40 and 80. The prevalent fatty acids of strain KMM 6208 T were C 16 : 1 v7c, iso-C 16 : 0, iso-C 18 : 0, C 18 : 1 v7c and C 16 : 0. The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified aminophospholipid, and the major isoprenoid quinone was Q-8. The DNA G+C content of strain KMM 6208 T was 46.3 mol%. The DNA-DNA relatedness value of strain KMM 6208 T with Arenicella xantha KMM 3895 T was 5 %. Molecular data in a combination with phenotypic findings strongly suggest inclusion of this novel strain in the genus Arenicella as a representative of a novel species for which the name Arenicella chitinivorans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KMM 6208 T (5KCTC 12711 T 5LMG 26983 T ).The genus Arenicella was proposed by Romanenko et al. (2010) to accommodate chemo-organoheterotrophic, strictly aerobic, Gram-negative, oxidase-and catalase-positive, rodshaped, non-motile and yellow-pigmented bacteria. The type and only strain of the sole species Arenicella xantha, designated KMM 3895 T , was isolated from a sandy sediment sample collected from the Sea of Japan and formed a distinct evolutionary lineage within the class Gammaproteobacteria with 87-89.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the phylogenetic neighbours belonging to the genera Alcanivorax, Kangiella, Microbulbifer, Nitrincola and Spongiibacter.In the course of a taxonomic survey of the microbial community of the edible sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius, a strictly aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, rodshaped, non-motile and yellow-pigmented bacterial isolate, designated KMM 6208 T , was obtained. The results of the phylogenetic analysis indicated that its closest relative was Arenicella xantha KMM 3895 T with 98.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. Other close relatives of the novel isolate were uncultivated bacteria associated with the brown alga Saccharina japonica collected from the Sea of Japan with 98.0-98.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence identity (Balakirev et al., 2012). It is interesting that the adult sea urchins of the genus Strongylocentrotus often feed on macrophytes, among these the kelps are prevalent (Lawrence, 2007). The taxonomic position of strain KMM 6208 T was further investigated using a polyphasic approach. Strain KMM 6208 T was isolated from the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius collected in September 2002Abbreviation: FAME, fatty acid methyl ester.The GenBank/EMBL/DDB...

Perspicuibacter marinus gen. nov., sp. nov., a semi-transparent bacterium isolated from surface seawater, and description of Arenicellaceae fam. nov. and Arenicellales ord. nov.

“…The DNA G+C content of strain 2-9 T was 41.7 mol%. This value was lower than those for the genus Arenicella (46.3–48.1 mol%; Romanenko et al , 2010; Nedashkovskaya et al , 2013).…”

“…The major polar lipids of strain 2-9 T were phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and three unidentified lipids; lysophosphatidylethanolamine (lysoPE; PE where one fatty acid chain is missing from the glycerol backbone), three unidentified phospholipids, one unidentified aminolipid and three unidentified lipids were found as minor components. Although diphosphatidylglycerol and aminophospholipid had been detected as major polar lipids from the type strains of members of the genus Arenicella (Nedashkovskaya et al , 2013; Romanenko et al , 2010), they were not found in strain 2-9 T .…”

“…At the time of writing, two species of this genus have been described and have not been classified into an existing order. The type strains from both of these species are of marine origin (Romanenko et al , 2010; Nedashkovskaya et al , 2013). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that strain 2-9 T and species of the genus Arenicella formed a distinct clade, which was supported by the high bootstrap values, and branched deeply within the class Gammaproteobacteria ().…”