Arenavirus-based vector platform for massive tumor self-antigen-specific CD8 T cell immunity.

Abstract

e14297 Background: The induction of powerful CD8+ T cell immunity to tumor associated self-antigens (TAAs) represents a critical yet challenging goal. Here we report on the development of an arenavirus-based delivery platform meeting this challenge. Previously we have shown that genetically engineered replication-attenuated lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) vectors, TheraT(LCMV), induce strong TAA-specific CD8 T cell immunity, but these responses can not be substantially augmented upon TheraT(LCMV) readministration. Counter to expectations, vector-neutralizing antibodies were not accountable for limited homologous prime-boosting capacity. Instead, dominant viral backbone-reactive CD8+ T cells competed against subdominant TAA-specific responses, limiting their magnitude. Methods: Herein we engineered and characterized delivery systems based on the arenaviruses Mopeia, Candid#1 and Pichinde (TheraT(MOP), TheraT(CAND), TheraT(PIC)). Results: We demonstrate that heterologous TheraT(CAND) – TheraT(LCMV) and TheraT(PIC)-TheraT(LCMV) prime-boost substantially augment TAA-specific CD8 T cell responses by rendering them immunodominant. Accordingly, intravenous administration of mice triggered up to 50% TAA epitope-specific CD8+ T cells and cured established tumors. Conversely, TheraT(MOP) – TheraT(LCMV) prime-boost was poorly immunogenic owing to cross-reactive T cell epitopes in the respective viral backbones. Conclusions: These findings establish heterologous arenavirus prime-boost combinations as a powerful new modality in tumor immunotherapy and highlight CD8 T cell epitope dominance as a significant hurdle to overcome in the vectored delivery of TAAs.