Areawide pest management for non-rice food crops in South-east Asia.

Abstract

This chapter contains a compendium of pest management practices for food crops other than rice, mainly vegetable crops (soyabeans, cabbage, shallots/onions, chillies, aubergine, beans, and tomato), in South-east Asia, specifically Indonesia. Field research and demonstration projects for most of these crops have shown that substantial reductions of pesticide applications are possible without jeopardizing yields. Results are summarized from field tests conducted in the mid-1990s in west Java, central Java and Sumatra, applying IPM principles with specific recommendations for each crop, and with broad applicability throughout the country. Given the potential reductions in pesticide applications, associated environmental and human health benefits justify a policy commitment to expand IPM training to areas where these crops are concentrated. Some of the IPM tactics that could have a major impact if adopted on a wide area are listed. One constraint is that information about tactics found useful in one area is often not transferred to another. Participatory field studies with farmers will be the most appropriate way to determine whether the various tactics are applicable for specific locations and socio-economic settings.

A study on Maruca vitrata infestation of Yard-long beans (Vigna unguiculata subspecies sesquipedalis)

“…Larvae of M. vitrata feed on the young flower parts enclosed within the sepals leading to flower shedding which reduces flowering and subsequent pod setting ( Sharma et al, 1999 ). Dharmasena et al (1992) recorded 84% pod damage caused by M. vitrata larvae in Pigeon pea in Sri Lanka, significantly greater than the pod damage (6.6%) detected on Yard-long beans in this study and an estimated 25% damage on Yard-long beans in Indonesia ( Hammig et al, 2008 ). However, our results were more similar to studies on cowpea, with pod damage of 17–53% in Taiwan ( Liao and Lin, 2000 ) and Bangladesh ( Zahid et al, 2008 ) for lablab bean (18%) and mung bean (20–30%).…”

Pheromone‐binding proteins based phylogenetics and phylogeography of Maruca spp. from Asia, Africa, Oceania, and South America

“…It causes extensive damage to the flowers and pods. About 20%-30% pod damage in mung bean in Bangladesh (Zahid, Islam, & Begum, 2008) and 25% pod damage in yard-long bean due to M. vitrata in west Sumatra (Hammig, Shepard, Carner, Dilts, & Rauf, 2008) were reported. Grain yield losses of 50%-71% were reported in pigeon pea and Adzuki bean (Sharma & Franzmann, 2000).…”

“…Grain yield losses of 50%-71% were reported in pigeon pea and Adzuki bean (Sharma & Franzmann, 2000). About 20%-30% pod damage in mung bean in Bangladesh (Zahid, Islam, & Begum, 2008) and 25% pod damage in yard-long bean due to M. vitrata in west Sumatra (Hammig, Shepard, Carner, Dilts, & Rauf, 2008) were reported. Up to 380,000 t of cowpea was lost due to M. vitrata in Malawi, Senegal, Niger, Tanzania, and Kenya (Gressel et al, 2004).…”

Effect of Pheromone-Mediated Mating Disruption on Pest Population Density of Maruca vitrata (Fabricius) (Crambidae: Lepidoptera)

“…Cowpea is one of its most preferred host plants in tropical Asia and Africa [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. The severity of damage caused by M. vitrata led to yield losses recorded on cowpea, yardlong bean, and green gram in Thailand, west Sumatra, and Bangladesh [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]; 42–80% in India [ 15 ], Taiwan [ 16 , 17 ], and Brazil (soybean) [ 18 , 19 ]; and up to 100% yield losses in black gram in Karnataka, India [ 20 ].…”