Areas of cat auditory cortex as defined by neurofilament proteins expressing SMI-32

Mellott, Jeffrey G.; Gucht, Estel Van der; Lee, Charles C.; Carrasco, Andrés; Winer, Jeffery A.; Lomber, Stephen G.

doi:10.1016/j.heares.2010.04.003

Cited by 50 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 89 publications

(116 reference statements)

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“…Gyral/sulcal patterns, cytoarchitectonic characteristics, and observed physiological properties were used to demarcate functional cortical subdivisions. Using cytoarchitectonic features (41), FAES neurons were distinguished from the AAF at the lateral lip of the anterior ectosylvian gyrus and from the ectosylvian visual area in the ventral bank of the sulcus. Only neurons verified within the FAES were included in this study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crossmodal reorganization in the early deaf switches sensory, but not behavioral roles of auditory cortex

Meredith

Kryklywy²,

McMillan³

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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121

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It is well known that early disruption of sensory input from one modality can induce crossmodal reorganization of a deprived cortical area, resulting in compensatory abilities in the remaining senses. Compensatory effects, however, occur in selected cortical regions and it is not known whether such compensatory phenomena have any relation to the original function of the reorganized area. In the cortex of hearing cats, the auditory field of the anterior ectosylvian sulcus (FAES) is largely responsive to acoustic stimulation and its unilateral deactivation results in profound contralateral acoustic orienting deficits. Given these functional and behavioral roles, the FAES was studied in early-deafened cats to examine its crossmodal sensory properties as well as to assess the behavioral role of that reorganization. Recordings in the FAES of early-deafened adults revealed robust responses to visual stimulation as well as receptive fields that collectively represented the contralateral visual field. A second group of early-deafened cats was trained to localize visual targets in a perimetry array. In these animals, cooling loops were surgically placed on the FAES to reversibly deactivate the region, which resulted in substantial contralateral visual orienting deficits. These results demonstrate that crossmodal plasticity can substitute one sensory modality for another while maintaining the functional repertoire of the reorganized region.vision | single-unit electrophysiology | orienting behavior | cooling deactivation A remarkable property of the brain is its capacity to respond to change. This neuroplastic process endows the nervous system with the ability to adjust itself to the loss of an entire set of sensory inputs or even two (1). Under these conditions, it is clearly adaptive for inputs from an intact modality to substitute for those that have been lost, such as auditory navigation in the blind. Crossmodal plasticity can also enhance perceptual performance within the remaining sensory modalities. Numerous reports document improvement over sighted subjects in auditory and somatosensory tasks in blind individuals (2-7), as well as enhanced performance in visual and tactile behaviors in the deaf (8-11). However, with the accumulation of studies examining such compensatory effects following early sensory loss, it is becoming evident that not all features of the replacement sensory modalities are equally represented. For example, early-deaf subjects exhibit supranormal abilities for visual localization (10) and visual motion detection (11, 12), but not visual brightness discrimination (13), contrast sensitivity (14), visual shape detection (15), grating acuity, vernier acuity, orientation discrimination, motion direction, or velocity discrimination (11). Thus, rather than a generalized overall improvement, it seems that only specific features of the replacement modality are affected by crossmodal plasticity.Crossmodal plasticity itself does not appear to be a uniformly distributed effect. Although it seems plausible ...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crossmodal reorganization in the early deaf switches sensory, but not behavioral roles of auditory cortex

Meredith

Kryklywy²,

McMillan³

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

121

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“…Currently, few molecular markers have been used to parcellate the mouse cerebral cortex, such as NF-M and NF-H (using antibody SMI-32; Van der Gucht et al 2007), parvalbumin (del Rio et al 1994;Park et al 1999), calbindin (Park et al 2002), calretinin (Park et al 2002;Melvin and Dyck 2003), H-2Z1 (Gitton et al 1999), calmodulin (Wei et al 2003), and most studies have been restricted to sensory areas, in contrast to other rodents, some carnivores, and primates (Mellot et al 2010;Hendry et al 1988;McGuire et al 1989;DeYoe et al 1990;Kondo et al 1994Kondo et al , 1999Hof et al 1996aHof et al , b, 1997Nimchinsky et al 1997;Gray et al 1999;Tochitani et al 2001;Preuss and Coleman 2002;Van der Gucht et al 2006;Kaas 2008, 2009). Adding new, reliable neurochemical markers could help clarifying a number of discrepancies about the cortical organization in the mouse.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytoarchitecture of the mouse neocortex revealed by the low-molecular-weight neurofilament protein subunit

et al. 2011

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The expression patterns of the medium- and high-molecular-weight subunits of the neurofilament protein triplet have been extensively studied in several neuroanatomical studies. In the present study, we report the use of the low-molecular-weight neurofilament protein subunit (NF-L) as a reliable marker within the neurofilament protein family to reveal the regional architecture of mammalian neocortex. We document clearly its usefulness in anatomical parcellation studies and report unique expression patterns of NF-L throughout the mouse neocortex. NF-L was most abundant in the somatosensory cortex, the lateral secondary visual area, the granular insular cortex, and the motor cortex. Low NF-L staining intensity was observed in the agranular insular cortex, the prelimbic and infralimbic cortex, the anterior cingulate cortex, the visual rostromedial areas, the temporal association cortex, the ectorhinal cortex, and the lateral entorhinal cortex. NF-L immunoreactivity was present in the perikarya, dendrites, and proximal segment of axons primarily of pyramidal neurons, and was mainly located in layers II and III, and to a lesser extent in layers V and VI. Interestingly, Black-Gold myelin staining confirmed a close correlation between NF-L immunoreactivity and myelination patterns. The characteristic and distinctive distribution and laminar expression profiles of NF-L make it an excellent tool to assess accurately topographical boundaries among neocortical areas as illustrated herein in the adult mouse brain.

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“…All stimuli were 25 ms in duration, had 5-ms rise and fall times, were cosine squared gated, and were presented at a rate of 2 Hz. To determine the size and approximate boundaries of A1 and AAF based on cochleotopic organization (Merzenich et al 1975;Knight 1977), pure tones of varying frequency (0.5 to 64 kHz in 1/16-octave steps) and intensity (0 -80 dB in 5-dB steps) were presented during cortical mapping procedures. Each frequency-intensity combination was presented once in pseudorandomized fashion.…”

Section: Surgical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In all animals, frequency-intensity receptive fields were generated for sites spanning A1, A2, and AAF to generate a map of tonotopic organization ( Fig. 2A; Merzenich et al 1975;Knight 1977;Reale and Imig 1980). This was used to determine the borders of A1 to guide accurate placement of the A1 cryoloop.…”

Section: Surgical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One series was processed with the monoclonal antibody SMI-32 (Covance; Princeton, NJ), while the other was kept as a spare or stained using Cresyl Violet and used to visualize electrode tracks. SMI-32 staining profiles have been shown to effectively parcellate individual auditory cortical regions (Mellott et al 2010) and were used to delimit borders within auditory cortex in the present study. The location of the PAF cooling loop was also verified using SMI-32 staining patterns.…”

Section: Surgical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dissociable influences of primary auditory cortex and the posterior auditory field on neuronal responses in the dorsal zone of auditory cortex

Kok

Stolzberg

Brown

et al. 2015

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Kok MA, Stolzberg D, Brown TA, Lomber SG. Dissociable influences of primary auditory cortex and the posterior auditory field on neuronal responses in the dorsal zone of auditory cortex. J Neurophysiol 113: 475-486, 2015. First published October 22, 2014 doi:10.1152/jn.00682.2014.-Current models of hierarchical processing in auditory cortex have been based principally on anatomical connectivity while functional interactions between individual regions have remained largely unexplored. Previous cortical deactivation studies in the cat have addressed functional reciprocal connectivity between primary auditory cortex (A1) and other hierarchically lower level fields. The present study sought to assess the functional contribution of inputs along multiple stages of the current hierarchical model to a higher order area, the dorsal zone (DZ) of auditory cortex, in the anaesthetized cat. Cryoloops were placed over A1 and posterior auditory field (PAF). Multiunit neuronal responses to noise burst and tonal stimuli were recorded in DZ during cortical deactivation of each field individually and in concert. Deactivation of A1 suppressed peak neuronal responses in DZ regardless of stimulus and resulted in increased minimum thresholds and reduced absolute bandwidths for tone frequency receptive fields in DZ. PAF deactivation had less robust effects on DZ firing rates and receptive fields compared with A1 deactivation, and combined A1/PAF cooling was largely driven by the effects of A1 deactivation at the population level. These results provide physiological support for the current anatomically based model of both serial and parallel processing schemes in auditory cortical hierarchical organization. auditory cortex; auditory pathways; hierarchy; reversible deactivation THE PAST TWO DECADES HAVE witnessed a dramatic increase in brain connectivity studies with advancements in functional imaging analysis methodology giving rise to the ability to noninvasively assess dependency effects between individual brain regions (Friston 2011). While a thorough understanding of the structural connectivity of the brain is a necessary component for understanding network function (Sporns 2012), investigations regarding the degree to which one brain region can exert influence on another are critical, as anatomical connectivity alone "is neither a sufficient nor a complete description of connectivity" (Friston 2011). Hierarchical processing schemes for cat auditory cortex have been proposed based mainly on structural connectivity analyses between individual regions of auditory cortex ( Fig. 1; Rouiller et al. 1991;Lee and Winer 2011), while the functional importance of these connections has remained largely unexplored. Using cortical cooling deactivation, previous studies have addressed functional reciprocal connectivity between primary auditory cortex (A1) and the anterior and posterior auditory fields (AAF and PAF), as well as second auditory cortex (A2; Carrasco and Lomber 2009a, 2010). However, functional interactions for higher order fields of...

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Areas of cat auditory cortex as defined by neurofilament proteins expressing SMI-32

Cited by 50 publications

References 89 publications

Crossmodal reorganization in the early deaf switches sensory, but not behavioral roles of auditory cortex

Crossmodal reorganization in the early deaf switches sensory, but not behavioral roles of auditory cortex

Cytoarchitecture of the mouse neocortex revealed by the low-molecular-weight neurofilament protein subunit

Dissociable influences of primary auditory cortex and the posterior auditory field on neuronal responses in the dorsal zone of auditory cortex

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