Areal surface texture and tool wear analysis from machining during powder bed fusion

Effect of process parameters of Plain Water Jet on the cleaning quality, surface and material integrity of Inconel 718 milled by Abrasive Water Jet

“…Surface topography was characterized using height, spatial and hybrid parameters according to the ISO 25178-2 standard. Such mentioned parameters have been used in previous works [21][22][23] to characterize topographical properties of surfaces. The parameters used in this study were Sa, Str, Sal and Sdr.…”

“…The parameters used in this study were Sa, Str, Sal and Sdr. The arithmetic mean height parameter (Sa), is commonly used to characterize surface roughness without regard of the direction by quantifying the average absolute height of peaks and valleys of interest [21]. As a complement to height parameter Sa, combination of the AWJ milling followed by PWJ process in alloy 718, for a multi perspective application: as milling operation for difficult-tomachine materials as Inconel 718 where a determined surface quality is desired, and also as a precedent step to the repair application where removal of damaged zone is required; in both cases a state free of abrasive residues is well preferred.…”

“…Full factorial tests, corresponding to three levels of jet pressure (P), traverse information describing the texture is given by Str and Sal spatial parameters and Sdr hybrid parameter. Spatial parameters are used to further describe the texture and orientation of a surface with respect to a whole image [21]. The texture aspect ratio parameter (Str), is an evaluation of the surface texture isotropy.…”

“…An isotropic texture has the same properties regardless of the direction, whilst an anisotropic surface has a dominant texture direction [24]. Str < 0.3 represents an anisotropic texture, whilst Str > 0.5 describes an isotropic texture [21]. The autocorrelation length (Sal), provides information about the finesses of a surface, the smaller the Sal value, the finer the features [21].…”

“…Str < 0.3 represents an anisotropic texture, whilst Str > 0.5 describes an isotropic texture [21]. The autocorrelation length (Sal), provides information about the finesses of a surface, the smaller the Sal value, the finer the features [21]. Sal parameter is defined as the horizontal distance of the autocorrelation function (ACF) which has the fastest decay to a specific value (s = 0.2) [24].…”