Area Spectral Efficiency and Area Energy Efficiency of Massive MIMO Cellular Systems

Xin, Yuanxue; Wang, Dongming; Li, Jiamin; Zhu, Huilin; Wang, Jiangzhou; You, Xiaohu

doi:10.1109/tvt.2015.2436896

Cited by 106 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Area spectrum efficiency takes into account the spatial property of HetNets with the unit of bit/s/Hz/km 2 . According to the work of Dhillon et al, when the MU DL is considered, we define the average ASE of MU DL as

{AASE}_{MU}^{DA} = A_{MU}^{normalM,DA} λ_{normalM} N^{MU} P_{Cov,MU}^{normalM,DA} \ln ((), 1 + τ_{normalM}^{DA}) + ∑_{k = 1}^{K} A_{MU}^{{normalS}_{k}, DA} {\overset{λ}{true}}_{S_{k}} P_{Cov,MU}^{{normalS}_{k}, DA} \ln ((), 1 + τ_{{normalS}_{k}}^{DA}),

where the coverage probabilities

P_{Cov,MU}^{normalM,DA}

and

P_{Cov,MU}^{{normalS}_{k} normal,DA}

are given by and , respectively.…”

Section: Area Spectrum and Energy Efficienciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective self‐backhaul scheme for massive MIMO–enabled full‐duplex heterogeneous networks by exploiting NOMA

Jia

Yang

et al. 2019

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

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By integrating full‐duplex (FD) and nonorthogonal multiple‐access (NOMA) techniques for wireless self‐backhaul at small‐cell base stations (SBSs), a novel multitier heterogeneous network (HetNet) is proposed. In the HetNet, NOMA is used at SBSs for combing backhaul and downlink (DL) signals. As a result, at each SBS, the backhaul, uplink transmission, and DL transmission are executed simultaneously, whereas the FD macro base stations (MBSs) communicate with mobile users (MUs) and transceive backhaul signals from associated SBSs by using massive‐MIMO antennas. The simple time‐division duplex is performed for the communications between MBSs and MUs so that a round of communications consists of MBS‐MU‐DL and MBS‐MU‐UL phases. This work particularly focuses on the MBS‐MU‐DL phase. By assuming the HetNet to be fully loaded, this paper first models the distribution of active SBSs and those of the interference received at the different types of receivers. Then, by formulating the received signal‐to‐interference ratios, this paper obtains the coverage probabilities of the MU‐SBS‐MBS uplink backhaul and MU DLs as well as the spectrum and energy efficiencies. The presented simulations and numerical results show that the integration of FD and NOMA at SBSs is an effective solution for creating the backhaul between FD‐SBS and FD‐MBS. It is obtained that when the power‐sharing coefficient allocated for a small‐cell DL is small, the coverage probability of SBS DL transmission increases; otherwise, it decreases. However, the coverage probabilities of the MBS DL and MU‐SBS‐MBS backhaul link monotonically vary with the power‐sharing coefficient. It is also achieved that the power‐sharing coefficient imposes the effect on the energy efficiencies of the MU‐SBS‐MBS backhaul link and MU DL in inverse directions. At the same time, it is found that the achieved energy efficiency gain depends greatly on the resolution of massive‐MIMO antennas.

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{AASE}_{MU}^{DA} = A_{MU}^{normalM,DA} λ_{normalM} N^{MU} P_{Cov,MU}^{normalM,DA} \ln ((), 1 + τ_{normalM}^{DA}) + ∑_{k = 1}^{K} A_{MU}^{{normalS}_{k}, DA} {\overset{λ}{true}}_{S_{k}} P_{Cov,MU}^{{normalS}_{k}, DA} \ln ((), 1 + τ_{{normalS}_{k}}^{DA}),

where the coverage probabilities

P_{Cov,MU}^{normalM,DA}

and

P_{Cov,MU}^{{normalS}_{k} normal,DA}

are given by and , respectively.…”

Section: Area Spectrum and Energy Efficienciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective self‐backhaul scheme for massive MIMO–enabled full‐duplex heterogeneous networks by exploiting NOMA

Jia

Yang

et al. 2019

Trans Emerging Tel Tech

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“…According to asymptotic upper and lower bounds of system-level spectral efficiency for non-cooperative multi-cell multi-user cellular systems, the relationship between system-level spectral efficiency and system parameters was derived (including bandwidth, the number of users and RRUs) in [30]. In [31], an approximate closed-form expression of average spectral efficiency for multi-cell multi-user massive MIMO systems was given when pilot reuse was considered.…”

Section: B System-level Spectral Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of transmission theory and techniques of large-scale antenna systems for 5G wireless communications

WANG¹,

YOU²,

Yu³

et al. 2015

Sci. Sin.-Inf.

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To meet the future demand for huge traffic volume of wireless data service, the research on the fifth generation (5G) mobile communication systems has been undertaken in recent years. It is expected that the spectral and energy efficiencies in 5G mobile communication systems should be ten-fold higher than the ones in the fourth generation (4G) mobile communication systems. Therefore, it is important to further exploit the potential of spatial multiplexing of multiple antennas. In the last twenty years, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna techniques have been considered as the key techniques to increase the capacity of wireless communication systems. When a large-scale antenna array (which is also called massive MIMO) is equipped in a base-station, or a large number of distributed antennas (which is also called large-scale distributed MIMO) are deployed, the spectral and energy efficiencies can be further improved by using spatial domain multiple access. This paper provides an overview of massive MIMO and large-scale distributed MIMO systems, including spectral efficiency analysis, channel state information (CSI) acquisition, wireless transmission technology, and resource allocation. Index TermsThe fifth generation mobile communication, massive MIMO, large-scale distributed antenna systems, spectral efficiency, channel state information acquisition, multi-user MIMO, resource allocation.

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“…Energy saving also helps to reduce the operational cost since energy consumption constitutes a significant portion of the network expenditure. Green cellular networks (see, e.g., [3,4]), which aim at optimizing energy efficiency (EE) for communications in terms of bits per joule per hertz have drawn considerable research interests in recent years (see, e.g., [5][6][7][8] and the references therein). In fact, EE has been recognized as the new figure-of-merit in assessing the quality and efficiency of future communication networks and beyond (see, e.g., [9][10][11]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy-efficient precoding in multicell networks with full-duplex base stations

Sheng

Tuan

Tam

et al. 2017

J Wireless Com Network

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This paper considers multi-input multi-output (MIMO) multicell networks, where the base stations (BSs) are full-duplex transceivers, while uplink and downlink users are equipped with multiple antennas and operate in a half-duplex mode. The problem of interest is to design linear precoders for BSs and users to optimize the network's energy efficiency. Given that the energy efficiency objective is not a ratio of concave and convex functions, the commonly used Dinkelbach-type algorithms are not applicable. We develop a low-complexity path-following algorithm that only invokes one simple convex quadratic program at each iteration, which converges at least to the local optimum. Numerical results demonstrate the performance advantage of our proposed algorithm in terms of energy efficiency.

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Area Spectral Efficiency and Area Energy Efficiency of Massive MIMO Cellular Systems

Cited by 106 publications

References 28 publications

Effective self‐backhaul scheme for massive MIMO–enabled full‐duplex heterogeneous networks by exploiting NOMA

Effective self‐backhaul scheme for massive MIMO–enabled full‐duplex heterogeneous networks by exploiting NOMA

An overview of transmission theory and techniques of large-scale antenna systems for 5G wireless communications

Energy-efficient precoding in multicell networks with full-duplex base stations

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