Area-based Programming in Fragile- and Conflict-affected Contexts

Abstract

Area-based programming (ABP) is an approach that defines an area as the primary entry point, rather than a sector or target group. It is particularly appropriate in areas with complex, inter-related and multi-sectoral needs (USWG, 2019). Evaluations of ABP suggest that such an approach can be effective in responding to complex conflict characteristics on sub-national levels (UNDP, 2018). Despite growing interest in ABP, evidence is still greater for sectoral or issue-based approaches.The adoption of area-based approaches in cross-border rural areas of the Western Balkans are some of the earliest of such interventions discussed and evaluated. There has in recent years been an increase in discussion and case studies of the application of ABP in urban settings. This rapid literature review looks at area-based approaches in rural and urban settings, focusing on Afghanistan, along with a brief look at examples from Syria, Lebanon, Mauritania, and the Western Balkans. It draws out collective strengths, factors of success, and weaknesses and challenges from these country and regional programmes. It concludes with a list of lessons and recommendations.

Informality, violence, and disaster risks: Coproducing inclusive early warning and response systems in urban informal settlements in Honduras

“…The local systems approach GOAL developed to coproduce EWRS shares similarities with area-based programming, which refers to organizing aid around the multisector needs of a defined community or geography rather than around the technical expertise of aid agencies (Konyndyk et al, 2020;Haider, 2021). Often implemented in FCAC, area-based programming seeks to create synergies in programming (Fraser, 2011), but it can perversely deepen inequities and conflict and lead to shortfalls in meaningful community participation (Haider, 2021). The local systems approach emphasized local capacity-building and relationship-building as two of the centerpieces of GOAL's programming, rather than seeing people living in informal settlements as solely vulnerable and passive recipients of aid.…”

Rethinking the role of community media in conflict transformation and peacebuilding

“…Community‐level peacebuilding is predicated on the assumption that “local communities are better able to identify their needs and how to achieve them” (Haider, 2009, 4). Thus, understanding the mechanisms that link these needs with peace or conflict is crucial for effect‐oriented transformation/reparation.…”