Are Your Chemical Products Green?—A Chemical Hazard Scoring System

Sanders, Johnny; Tuck, Denise; Sherman, Robert J.

doi:10.2118/126451-ms

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Each component of the product is scored in three hazard categories based on classification criteria from the United Nations Globally Harmonized System for Classification and Labeling chemicals (GHS) (Sanders et al 2010). Each component of the product is scored in three hazard categories based on classification criteria from the United Nations Globally Harmonized System for Classification and Labeling chemicals (GHS) (Sanders et al 2010).…”

Section: Environmental Acceptabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Development of Non-aqueous Suspension for Suspending Variedsized Solid Particulates as a Conventional Diverter

et al. 2014

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Using solid particulate additives is becoming difficult because of strict health, safety, and environmental (HSE) concerns and green operation initiatives taken by operators. When solid particulates are used as additives for downhole treatments, they are generally batch-mixed into the gelled fluid as long as the viscosity of the fluid is sufficient to prevent settling of the particles. It is possible that solid particles could settle and block the blending equipment; hence, an additional blender is required at location to mix such solid additives so that the main or primary blender remains functional throughout the job for subsequent mixing of other treatment fluids. Using the additional blender requires additional logistics, man power, and associated costs to the operator. Therefore, it is usually recommended to use liquid additives in the field to help avoid problems associated with using solids and related additional equipment issues.This paper describes the systematic approach used for the development of a non-aqueous suspension fluid for suspending varied-sized (8 to 40 mesh; ~2400 to ~400 µ particles of a particulate diverter with a specific gravity of 1.29 g/cm 3 . The developed suspension is stable at ambient temperatures for more than 30 days. It remains free flowing for more than 30 days, even at 40°F, and the solid particles do not settle, even at slightly higher temperatures, such as 100°F. The chemical score index (CSI) of the formulation is 120, which shows that the suspension is environmentally acceptable. Performance of the suspension was evaluated through core flow experiments with brown sandstone core samples, which indicated that the fluid containing the newly developed suspension of the diverter particles did not cause formation damage to the samples used.

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Section: Environmental Acceptabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Development of Non-aqueous Suspension for Suspending Variedsized Solid Particulates as a Conventional Diverter

et al. 2014

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“…This breaker package provided multiple benefits, such as effective breaking at temperatures as low as 150°F and a superior environmental rating. Chemical scoring index (CSI) for the dual package components are below 220 (Sanders 2010). This dual breaker system can be readily implemented for commercial applications because of the easy availability and long-term storage stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Customizable Synergistic Dual Breaker Technology Improves Fracture Fluid Cleanup

Cortez

Singh

2014

Day 2 Tue, November 11, 2014

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Natural and synthetic polymers are commonly used within the oil and gas industry as viscosifying agents in hydraulic fracturing applications. Hydraulic fracturing involves pumping of a highly crosslinked fluid into a formation to create fractures. The viscoelastic fluids are used to provide sufficient viscosity for proppant suspension, transport, and enhanced fracture width. Breaking the crosslinked polymers after the fracturing operation is a crucial step that can greatly impact hydrocarbon production. Conventional breakers, such as oxidizers, are most commonly used for breaking fracturing fluids; however, these breaker packages sometimes show inferior regained permeability at lower temperatures (100 to 160°F). Regained permeability studies with fracturing fluid compositions tested in low-perm cores show that persulfate-type oxidizing breakers do not always adequately degrade the polymer; furthermore, higher concentrations do not always show improved breaking. This paper presents an alternative breaker solution that is superior to conventional breakers in terms of improving regained permeability.Recently it was shown that in situ acid-generating hydrolytically degradable polymers, in combination with oxidizing breakers, dramatically improved the regained conductivity of the proppant pack without the detrimental effects associated with the use of higher breaker concentrations at lower temperatures. For example, test results show that, even at temperatures as low as 150°F, the synergistic phenomenon of this dual breaker system provided multiple and beneficial functions. The hydrolysis rate of degradable polymers to generate acid in situ is dependent on several factors. The wide variety of degradable polymers containing ester-linkages that are available permits one to select a polymer that will result in a desired break profile for the given conditions, making this chemistry customizable.In addition, these acid-generating self-degradable polymers are biodegradable, potentially minimizing health, safety, and environmental (HSE) concerns.Conductivity improvement as compared to using a breaker system based on individual components are attributed to the improved cleanup provided by the synergy between the degradable polymer and the oxidizing breaker (even at lower temperatures). This represents a significant improvement to current technology.

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Green drilling fluid additives for a sustainable hole-cleaning performance: a comprehensive review

et al. 2023

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Drilling fluids are the core of drilling operations, and they are responsible for many roles, such as lubricating drill string, cooling down drilling equipment, maintaining wellbore integrity, and transporting cuttings to the surface. High-energy demands have caused the oil and gas production rates to increase by orders of magnitude, which is accompanied by increased usage of different drilling fluids, including oil-based muds (OBM) and water-based muds (WBM). Large amounts of fluids used without caution can cause severe consequences to the environment if not well monitored. Therefore, the field has been exploring the utilization of biodegradable and environmentally friendly additives (green). These green formulations can promote a safer alternative to the currently available commercial additives, meet sophisticated drilling requirements, and ensure resource sustainability. A comprehensive overview of the literature has been conducted in this review, starting with a background on oil and gas reservoir types and cuttings transportation mechanisms, followed by a discussion on various recent green fluids or additives emerging in the field. In addition, an economic comparison has been conducted to assess the feasibility of the reviewed green formulations. Finally, the review ends with a summary and future prospective on the topic. In conclusion, this review suggests the development of multifunctional drilling fluids with good hole-cleaning properties, utilizing additives studied for different functions (e.g., filtration). Enhancement of rheological properties achieved through the addition of these additives indicates their suitability for hole-cleaning applications, which must be confirmed through additional studies. Consequently, filling the existing gap in the literature is by triggering research topics in this area.

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Are Your Chemical Products Green?—A Chemical Hazard Scoring System

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Design and Development of Non-aqueous Suspension for Suspending Variedsized Solid Particulates as a Conventional Diverter

Design and Development of Non-aqueous Suspension for Suspending Variedsized Solid Particulates as a Conventional Diverter

Customizable Synergistic Dual Breaker Technology Improves Fracture Fluid Cleanup

Green drilling fluid additives for a sustainable hole-cleaning performance: a comprehensive review

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