Are young female athletes at risk of amenorrhoea? analysis of body composition, nutritional and endocrine factors

Łagowska, Karolina; Jeszka, Jan

doi:10.1136/bjsm.2011.084038.139

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Our results concerning energy and nutritional intakes, obtained before the start of the above dietary intervention, were similar to our previous results [18,19]. They were also comparable to those obtained by Hoch et al [20] and Tomten et al [21], who also demonstrated energy availability below 30 kcal/kg FFM/d and the negative energy balance in athletes with menstrual disorders.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effects of dietary intervention in young female athletes with menstrual disorders

Łagowska

Kapczuk

Friebe

et al. 2014

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

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BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of three months of dietary intervention on menstrual cycle in young female athletes with amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea.MethodsFrom forty-five female professional athletes with menstrual irregularity that were recruited thirty-one, aged 18.1 ± 2.6 years, completed the study and were analyzed. Hyperprolactinemia, thyroid dysfunction, primary ovarian failure and hyperandrogenism were excluded in the study participants. The subjects started intense training at the age of 11.2 ± 3.5 years and continued during next 6.8 ± 3.3 years. Energy and nutrients intake, total energy expenditure, energy availability and body composition as well as serum concentrations of LH, FSH, 17 – beta estradiol and progesterone were measured at the beginning of the study and after three months of individualized dietary intervention.ResultsFollowing three months of dietary intervention significant increase in energy intake (2354 ± 539 vs. 258 8 ± 557 kcal, P = 0.004) and energy availability (28.3 ± 9.2 vs. 35.8 ± 12.3 kcal/kg FFM/d, P = 0.011) was observed as well as improved energy balance (−288 ± 477 vs. -51 ± 224 kcal/d, P = 0.002). Though no changes in BMI and body composition were noted but significant rise in LH concentrations (3.04 ± 1.63 vs. 4.59 ± 2.53 mIU/ml, P = 0.009) and LH to FSH ratio (0.84 ± 0.56 vs. 0.96 ± 0.52, P = 0.001) was achieved, but no restoration of menstrual cyclicity.ConclusionsThis report provides further support for the role of energy deficiency in menstrual disorders among young female athletes and the benefits of an adequate energy intake and energy availability on hormones concentration. Continuation controlled dietary intervention is needed to assess the extent to which long-term improvement in the nutritional status results in improvements in the hormonal status of female athletes, to an extent that would allow the regulation of the menstrual cyclity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effects of dietary intervention in young female athletes with menstrual disorders

Łagowska

Kapczuk

Friebe

et al. 2014

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

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“…Taking into consideration the Lithuanian Olympic team rowers' diets, we found that elite rowers and canoeists-kayakers representing Lithuania consumed too little carbohydrates and too much fat. Carbohydrate intake of our tested rowers is similar only to the previously tested athletes' intake which is less than the recommended amount of carbohydrates in Lithuania (Pečiukonienė et al, 2007), Poland (Łagowska, Jeszka, 2011) and Portugal (Teixeira et al, 2009). It is contrary to the Greek (Hassapidou, 2001), Spanish (Garcia-Rove et al, 2000), Australian (Hill, Davies, 2002), the USA (Edwards et al, 2011), New Zealand (Bond et al, 2012) athletes who use more carbohydrates (5.9-7.5 g/kg body weight).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Excess fat intake (fat supply accounts for 37-40% of the energy value) was found only in Spain and earlier in Lithuania investigating the diets of kayakers-canoeists (Garciá-Rovés et al, 2000;Pečiuokonienė et al, 2007;Baranauskas et al, 2009). According to other authors, most of the kayakerscanoeists consume the recommended amount of fat (the fat supply accounts for the energy value of 26-33%) (Garciá-Rovés et al, 2000;Hassapidou, 2001;Teixeira et al, 2009;Łagowska, Jeszka, 2011;Edwards et al, 2011;Bond et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition Status of High Performance Rowers, Canoeists and Kayakers

Baranauskas¹,

Tūbelis²,

Stukas³

et al. 2018

BJSHS

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Research background and hypothesis. Rowing and canoeing-kayaking are some of the leading sports in Lithuania, and athletes have achieved victories in European and world championships. In order to effectively manage the preparation of Lithuanian elite rowers, canoeists and kayakers, research in their nutrition status is important, relevant and necessary. Hypothesis: dietary intake of rowers and canoeists-kayakers comply with nutrition requirements. Research aim was to assess nutrition status, physical development and the interactions between them for Lithuanian Olympic team rowers, canoeists and kayakers.Research methods. Research on the nutrition status and supplementation was carried out in the preparatory competition period in 2012. The sample included 18.2 ± 2.3-year-old rowers (n = 24) and 21.5 ± 5.2-year-old canoeists-kayakers (n = 12). Body composition analysis and physical development of athletes was performed using multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method. Research results. Regardless of gender, MFMI of kayakers-canoeists and rowers was only average. Athletes’ dietary energy intake (EI) does not fully cover the energy expenditure, the diet lacks carbohydrates, dietary fibres, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, and there is too much fat, saturated fatty acids and cholesterol. 92% of athletes take supplements. Most often athletes’ dietary supplementation includes carbohydrates (73.9%), amino acids (73.9%), minerals (73.9%), vitamins (65.2%), and multivitamins (65.2%). Discussion and conclusions. Nutrition status and physical development of Lithuanian elite kayakers-canoeists and rowers does not meet the requirements of nutrition. Diets of high performance kayakers-canoeists and rowers must be optimized, adjusted and individualized.

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“…Side effects from the high fat diet may be more troublesome than the ones from high carbohydrates: jittery, weakness, gastrointestinal problems may cause athlete to be less motivated during training sessions (Mujika and Burke, 2011). With this in line, improperly balanced diets are one of potential risks of health problems in athletes (Łagowska and Jeszka, 2011). To minimize the risk, our fat adaptation diet had increased carbohydrate intake to 21% of energy per day and compared it to macronutrient balanced diet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short fat-adaptation diet impact on a consecutive day of interval exercise performance

Bykowska-Derda¹,

Darr²,

Człapka-Matyasik³

et al. 2021

Acta Sci Pol Technol Aliment

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Background. During competition season, races and games can be scheduled multiple times a week or even within 24 hours. This may interfere with macronutrient periodization, carbohydrate loading regimen, hydration status and nutrition. Most of the studies investigating the influence of diet on performance do not take into consideration that an athlete may need to perform closely spaced, repeated events. The study tested whether the fat-adaptation diet would improve performance on the consecutive day of interval exercise. Methods. Nine healthy, male amateur athletes were randomly assigned to two diets in a single-blinded, crossover study. The fat-adaptation diet consisted of the first five days high-fat diet (2.62 g/kg/d carbohydrates, 2.23 g/kg/d fat). The day six and seven of the fat-adaptation diet consisted of 5.42 g/kg/d carbohydrates. The balanced carbohydrate diet consisted of a seven-day protocol involving consumption of 5.33 g/kg/d. On day seven of each diet protocol, subjects performed an interval treadmill test dependent on exhaustion. Blood glucose and lactate were measured before and immediately after exercise. The identical treadmill test was performed once again after 24 hours on the day eight of each diet. Results. There was a significant decrease in the total distance to exhaustion after the fat-adaptation diet (11.2 ±0.6 km vs 10.9 ±0.8 km), p < 0.05 with lactate being lower after exercise on the second day (6.2 ±0.8 mM) compared to the first day (7.4 ±0.9 mM). Glucose was elevated after exercise except on the second test day on the fat-adaptation diet (5.3 ±0.3 mmol/L). Conclusions. Athletes perform better on the balanced carbohydrate diet than short fat-adaptation diet on the consecutive day of interval test.

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Are young female athletes at risk of amenorrhoea? analysis of body composition, nutritional and endocrine factors

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Effects of dietary intervention in young female athletes with menstrual disorders

Effects of dietary intervention in young female athletes with menstrual disorders

Nutrition Status of High Performance Rowers, Canoeists and Kayakers

Short fat-adaptation diet impact on a consecutive day of interval exercise performance

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