Are you pulling my airway?

Cy, Seow

doi:10.1183/09031936.05.00099905

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(68 reference statements)

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“…More exact determination of the interdependence of airway size on parenchymal mechanics also needs to be derived for the small airways at the periphery of the lung. The static conditions under which the interdependence was assessed by NOBLE et al [289] do not represent the real environfment of the lung [297]. The viscoelastic lung parenchyma under dynamic conditions interacts with the airways very differently [298,299], and this should be kept in mind if the experiments of NOBLE et al [289] are revisited.…”

Section: Parenchyma-airway Interdependencementioning

confidence: 99%

Airway smooth muscle dynamics: a common pathway of airway obstruction in asthma

An¹,

Bai²,

Bates³

et al. 2007

European Respiratory Journal

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341

298

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Excessive airway obstruction is the cause of symptoms and abnormal lung function in asthma.As airway smooth muscle (ASM) is the effecter controlling airway calibre, it is suspected that dysfunction of ASM contributes to the pathophysiology of asthma. However, the precise role of ASM in the series of events leading to asthmatic symptoms is not clear. It is not certain whether, in asthma, there is a change in the intrinsic properties of ASM, a change in the structure and mechanical properties of the noncontractile components of the airway wall, or a change in the interdependence of the airway wall with the surrounding lung parenchyma. All these potential changes could result from acute or chronic airway inflammation and associated tissue repair and remodelling.Anti-inflammatory therapy, however, does not ''cure'' asthma, and airway hyperresponsiveness can persist in asthmatics, even in the absence of airway inflammation. This is perhaps because the therapy does not directly address a fundamental abnormality of asthma, that of exaggerated airway narrowing due to excessive shortening of ASM.In the present study, a central role for airway smooth muscle in the pathogenesis of airway hyperresponsiveness in asthma is explored.

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Section: Parenchyma-airway Interdependencementioning

confidence: 99%

Airway smooth muscle dynamics: a common pathway of airway obstruction in asthma

An¹,

Bai²,

Bates³

et al. 2007

European Respiratory Journal

Self Cite

341

298

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Concerning the study of Noble et al [3], Seow [18] provided an editorial comment on the topic of airway-OPEN ACCESS parenchymal interdependence. He said that the topic of airway-parenchymal interdependence is of great importance to many of those who are interested in identifying factors that influence airway patency in health and disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of fractal geometry to propose a new mechanism of airway-parenchymal interdependence

Min¹,

Hosoi²,

Kinoshita³

et al. 2012

OJMIP

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The topic of airway-parenchymal interdependence (API) is of great importance to those interested in identifying factors that influence airway patency. A carefully designed experiment has raised questions about the classical concept of API. This paper proposes a new mechanism of API. The pulmonary lobe is an aggregated body consisting of many Miller’s lobular polyhedrons and a fractal bronchial tree. The fractal cartilaginous bronchial tree was assumed to be characterized by both Horton’s ratio (Lj+1/Lj=2λ, where Lj+1, and Lj denote the mean lengths of branches at Horsfield’ order of j + 1 and j) and power laws between diameters and lengths of branches. Fluid dynamic parameters of fractal trees were assumed to be interrelated among powers and λ. A non-cartilaginous lobular bronchiole is adjoined to the edge of a lobular polyhedron, and is encircled by an inextensible basement membrane to reflect a reversible relationship of rlLl = constant(c), where rl and Ll denote the diameter and the length of a lobular bronchiole, respectively. API at the level of the lobu-lar bronchiole was described by log(rl) = -(1+λ)/(1+5λ)log(hl/c), where rl and hl denote the diameter of the lobular bronchiole and the parenchymal parameter relating the size of the lobular polyhedron, respectively. If the distribution in sizes of the lobular polyhedrons was described by a Weibull’s probability density function characterized by the shape parameter m as well as the fractal parameter λ = 0.5, the diameter R of a cartilaginous bronchial branch was determined by log(R) = F<m> - 3/7log(h/c), where F(m) denotes a function of m, and h denotes the mean size of the polyhedrons in the lobe. As a conclusion, API can be described by a combination of both lobular API and corresponding adaptive changes in the degree of contraction of airway smooth muscles

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Continuum vs. spring network models of airway-parenchymal interdependence

Bates

2012

Journal of Applied Physiology

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The outward tethering forces exerted by the lung parenchyma on the airways embedded within it are potent modulators of the ability of the airway smooth muscle to shorten. Much of our understanding of these tethering forces is based on treating the parenchyma as an elastic continuum; yet, on a small enough scale, the lung parenchyma in two dimensions would seem to be more appropriately described as a discrete spring network. We therefore compared how the forces and displacements in the parenchyma surrounding a contracting airway are predicted to differ depending on whether the parenchyma is modeled as an elastic continuum or as a spring network. When the springs were arranged hexagonally to represent alveolar walls, the predicted parenchymal stresses and displacements propagated substantially farther away from the airway than when the springs were arranged in a triangular pattern or when the parenchyma was modeled as a continuum. Thus, to the extent that the parenchyma in vivo behaves as a hexagonal spring network, our results suggest that the range of interdependence forces due to airway contraction may have a greater influence than was previously thought.

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Are you pulling my airway?

Cited by 3 publications

References 31 publications

Airway smooth muscle dynamics: a common pathway of airway obstruction in asthma

Airway smooth muscle dynamics: a common pathway of airway obstruction in asthma

Use of fractal geometry to propose a new mechanism of airway-parenchymal interdependence

Continuum vs. spring network models of airway-parenchymal interdependence

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