“…Although some scholars have continued to apply the more general definition of subculture in their work on youth subcultures (e.g., Hunt, 2008Hunt, , 2010Latysheva, 2011), and especially in examinations of subcultures not associated exclusively with youth (Lieske, 2004;Spencer, 1997), after the introduction of the notion of youth subcultures as 'cultures of resistance,' this more specified definition has dominated the subculture literature and much of the critique of the notion of subculture since then is a response to this more specific usage (e.g., Crosset and Beal, 1997;Miles, 2000;Straw, 1999). Muggleton and Weinzierl (2003), for example, question the validity of this approach in a postmodern world, and champion "a more pragmatic approach compared to the romanticism of the CCCS" (p. 4).…”