Are Women More Risk Averse?

Jianakoplos, Nancy; Bernasek, Alexandra

doi:10.1111/j.1465-7295.1998.tb01740.x

Cited by 1,320 publications

(890 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Women exhibit larger values for all the dimensions of η. Higher risk aversion among women is consistent with the findings of Carlsson et al (2005), Barsky et al (1997), Hartog et al (2002) and Jianakoplos and Bernasek (1998). Carlsson et al (2005) also report the same result for inequality aversion.…”

Section: Determinants Of Preferences and Selection Biassupporting

confidence: 86%

Siblings, Not Triplets: Social Preferences for Risk, Inequality and Time in Discounting Climate Change

et al. 2009

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in AbstractArguments about the appropriate discount rate often start by assuming a Utilitarian social welfare function with isoelastic utility, in which the consumption discount rate is a function of the (constant) elasticity of marginal utility along with the (much discussed) utility discount rate. In this model, the elasticity of marginal utility simultaneously reflects preferences for intertemporal substitution, aversion to risk, and aversion to (spatial) inequality. While these three concepts are necessarily identical in the standard model, this need not be so: well-known models already enable risk to be separated from intertemporal substitution. Separating the three concepts might have important implications for the appropriate discount rate, and hence also for long-term policy. This paper investigates these issues in the context of climate-change economics, by surveying the attitudes of over 3000 people to risk, income inequality over space and income inequality over time. The results suggest that individuals do not see the three concepts as identical, and indeed that preferences over risk, inequality and time are only weakly correlated. As such, relying on empirical evidence of risk or inequality preferences may not necessarily be an appropriate guide to specifying the elasticity of intertemporal substitution. Paper submitted to the special issue "Discounting the Long-Run Future and Sustainable Development" JEL: D01, D63, C90, Q51

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Section: Determinants Of Preferences and Selection Biassupporting

confidence: 86%

Siblings, Not Triplets: Social Preferences for Risk, Inequality and Time in Discounting Climate Change

et al. 2009

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“…Women typically are more likely to be risk-averse (see, e.g. Jianakoplos and Bernasek, 1998;Eckel and Grossman, 2002). So, we include in our model specification also controls for the average age as well as for the gender of the majority of the founding team.…”

Section: Founder Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What determines the innovation capability of firm founders?

Arvanitis

Stucki²

2012

Industrial and Corporate Change

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Innovative start-ups, not start-ups in general, seem to be important drivers of economic growth. However, little is known about what such firms look like. As activities of start-ups are strongly related to firm founders, we investigate this question focusing on the innovation capability of firm founders. We find that the combination of different founder characteristics such as university education (at best a combination of technical and commercial education), prior experience in R&D, and strong motivation to realize own innovative ideas increases the likelihood that a start-up has innovative activities, especially the likelihood of R&D activities, by 440%.JEL classification: M13, L26, O30.

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“…Powell and Ansic (1997) find similar results in an experimental study of risk attitudes with respect to property insurance and foreign currency exchange. Jianakoplos and Bernasek (1998) Gender differences have been observed in negotiating behavior as well. Here again the causes for gender differences are difficult to establish but the empirical evidence suggests that women have higher negotiating costs than do men.…”

Section: Tables 1 and 2 Appear About Here Fault Equation And Variablementioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Aversion, Negotiation, and Claims Settlement Strategies

2005

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We examine the optimal claims settlement strategy for a liability insurer negotiating with classes of claimants who differ in risk attitude and negotiating skill. Our model demonstrates that a profit-maximizing insurer will be systematically less generous in claims payment to claimants who are more risk averse and who experience greater negotiating costs. We test our theory empirically using the 1997 Insurance Research Council automobile claims data. Following the existing literature we use claimant gender and age to identify classes of claimants with different risk preferences and negotiation costs. Empirical analysis is consistent with systematically less generous payment to claimants in those classes.3 Risk Aversion, Negotiation, and Claims Settlement Strategies

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Are Women More Risk Averse?

Cited by 1,320 publications

References 13 publications

Siblings, Not Triplets: Social Preferences for Risk, Inequality and Time in Discounting Climate Change

Siblings, Not Triplets: Social Preferences for Risk, Inequality and Time in Discounting Climate Change

What determines the innovation capability of firm founders?

Risk Aversion, Negotiation, and Claims Settlement Strategies

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