Are Wild Animals in Captivity Really Wild?

Hediger, H.

doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0554-76

Cited by 39 publications

(53 citation statements)

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“…Hediger 1950;Broom 1983;Luescher & Hurnik 1987;Odberg 1987a), and that the animal is suffering from a welfare problem (e.g. Broom 1983;Wiepkema 1983reviewed by Odberg 1987aFraser & Broom 1990), such as stress (e.g.…”

Section: S T E R E O T Y P I E S a N D P O O R W E L F A R Ementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, a behaviour pattern may be maintained by the constant presence of releasing stimuli, combined with a lack of behavioural competition from other motivational systems (Hediger 1950;Morris 1964). The persistence of some environment-induced stereotypies has been further explained in terms of positive feedback from appetitive behaviour patterns upon the motivational bases for their own performance (Dantzer 1986;Hughes & Duncan 1988).…”

Section: Evidence For Reinforcementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stolba et al 1983), and may be as predictable in time and place of performance as they are in morphology (e.g. Hediger 1950;Berkson 1967;Meyer-Holzapfe11968;Hinde 1970, page 556). The organization of a stereotypy appears only partially dependent on external stimuli (e.g.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stereotypies: a critical review

1991

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Abstract. Stereotypies are repetitive, invariant behaviour patterns with no obvious goal or function. They seem to be restricted to captive animals, mentally ill or handicapped humans, and subjects given stimulant drugs. In this respect they are abnormal, although possibly the product of normal behavioural processes. Stereotypies are often associated with past or present sub-optimal aspects of the environment, and have been used as a welfare indicator. It has been hypothesized that stereotypies have beneficial consequences which reinforce their performance, although other means, such as positive feedback, may equally explain their persistence. Empirical evidence links them with lowered awareness of external events, and reduced arousal and distress. However, as most of this evidence is correlational it remains uncertain that the stereotypies are themselves the cause of coping. Furthermore, they are heterogeneous in source of origin, proximate causation and physical characteristics, and they change over time in important respects, becoming more readily elicited by a wider range of circumstances. Therefore the properties of one stereotypy are not necessarily those of another.

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Section: S T E R E O T Y P I E S a N D P O O R W E L F A R Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evidence For Reinforcementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stereotypies: a critical review

1991

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“…Hence in the classic ethological model of spacing, which is derived from Hediger (1950Hediger ( , 1961 and Lorenz ([1949] 1994), territorial trespass is linked to aggressive behaviours while distance-lengthening, to their appeasement. Furthermore, appeasement displays, including distance-lengthening, are commonly used in the absence of overt aggressive behaviours to reduce the likelihood of a fight in the first place (Bailey 1987: 411).…”

Section: The Ethology Of Spatial Behavioursmentioning

confidence: 99%

An attempt at a proxemic description of politeness from the ethological-evolutionary persepctive

Żywiczyński

2012

THS

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“…There is an extensive body of animal research demonstrating territorial behavior in many species, including birds, mammals, reptiles and even insects (Edney, 1974;Hediger, 1950). Human territoriality subsequently became a popular topic in environmental psychology from the 1970s (Altman, 1975;Edney, 1974).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of territoriality in crime prevention: A field experiment

Wortley

McFarlane

2009

Secur J

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A field experiment was conducted in a university library to assess the effect of symbolic territorial cues on preventing the theft of a photocopy card which was left on library desk. Territoriality was conceived as comprising two dimensions -ownership and guardianship. In a 2X2 design, ownership was operationized by signing or not signing the card, and guardianship was operationized by leaving the card next to library books or on its own. Both territorial cues were successful in reducing theft levels. It was argued that the crime prevention role of territorial cues needs to be conceived of in terms that are broader than alerting potential offenders to increased levels of surveillance.3

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Are Wild Animals in Captivity Really Wild?

Cited by 39 publications

References 0 publications

Stereotypies: a critical review

Stereotypies: a critical review

An attempt at a proxemic description of politeness from the ethological-evolutionary persepctive

The role of territoriality in crime prevention: A field experiment

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