Are white-spot lesions in kidneys in sheep associated with leptospirosis?

Dorjee, Sithar; Heuer, C; Jackson, Ron; West, D.M.; Collins-Emerson, Julie; Midwinter, Anne C.; Ridler, Anne

doi:10.1080/00480169.2009.36865

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Kidney colonization has also been extensively studied [ 35 , 36 ], and once more, our findings align with those of previous studies. Urinary shedding was evident at D30 p.i.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The Efficacy of Vaccination in the Prevention of Renal and Genital Leptospirosis in Experimentally Infected Sheep

et al. 2022

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(1) Background: Leptospirosis, mainly determined by strains belonging to serogroup Sejroe, has a direct impact on the reproductive efficiency of ruminants, such as sheep. In Brazil, Leptospira santarosai serovar Guaricura, known to be able to chronically colonize the uterine environment, is of special note. Although vaccination minimizes the effects of acute disease, whether or not it can protect from renal colonization remains controversial, and its effects on the genital tract are unknown. In this context, the present study aims to investigate the efficacy of vaccination in the prevention of experimental genital leptospirosis. (2) Methods: Eighteen sheep were divided into three groups: one vaccinated with a polyvalent commercial bacterin, one vaccinated with an autologous bacterin, and one unvaccinated. After 14 days, the sheep were experimentally challenged with 108 leptospires (L. santarosai, serogroup Sejroe, serovar Guaricura, strain FV52) intraperitoneally. Serology and colonization of the urinary and genital tracts were carried out monthly by PCR for 210 days in all animals. (3) Results: Vaccination significantly elicited antibody titers with a predominance of agglutinins against serogroup Sejroe. Both urinary and genital infections were confirmed by PCR. Positivity in urine PCR was absent after D120, while genital infection persisted until the end of the study. Serological results and the finding that vaccination did not avoid renal colonization align with previous studies. Despite vaccination, Leptospira established chronic and asymptomatic colonization of the genital tract until D210, an outstanding finding that remains to be fully understood in its mechanisms. (4) Conclusions: This is the first study conducted to analyze the effects of vaccination in the prevention of genital leptospirosis.

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“…Kidney colonization has also been extensively studied [ 35 , 36 ], and once more, our findings align with those of previous studies. Urinary shedding was evident at D30 p.i.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

The Efficacy of Vaccination in the Prevention of Renal and Genital Leptospirosis in Experimentally Infected Sheep

et al. 2022

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“…Leptospires were isolated from 35 (29%) of the kidneys, and 29 (24%) and 13 (10%) cattle were serologically positive for antibodies to L. interrogans serovars hardjo and pomona respectively. Dorjee et al (2009) found a significant association between white-spotted kidneys and sheep that were serologically positive for Leptospira by MAT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Evaluation of ‘white-spotted kidneys’ associated with leptospirosis by polymerase chain reaction based <i>LipL32</i> gene in slaughtered cows

Azizi

Tajbakhsh

Hajimirzaei

et al. 2012

J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc.

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The presence of white spots in the kidneys of cattle at slaughter (so-called white-spotted kidneys) can be an indication of infection with Leptospira, a spirochaete of public health concern because it causes zoonotic disease. In this study, 24 kidneys of 180 slaughtered cows (13.3%) showed focal to multifocal white spots at inspection. These kidneys, together with matching urine (n = 18) and blood (n = 24) samples, were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the LipL32 gene. Leptospiral deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was detected in 19 (79.2%) out of 24 kidneys, as well as 7 (29.2%) blood and 10 (55.5%) urine samples of cows with white spots in their kidneys. Histopathological findings revealed multifocal infiltration of mononuclear cells, including lymphocytes and a few plasma cells in the renal interstitial tissues. In addition, 14 apparently normal kidneys and associated urine and blood samples were similarly examined by PCR but did not provide any positive results. In this study, high detection of leptospirosis in kidneys with interstitial nephritis suggests that Leptospira spp. are associated with white spotted kidneys. The present findings indicate that white spotted kidneys can be due to leptospirosis in this region in southwestern Iran, which indicates an increased risk of zoonotic disease. The data show that LipL32-based primers are useful for PCR-based diagnosis of leptospirosis.

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“…The Hardjo strain is known to be adapted to ruminants, including sheep and goats (Hartskeerl et al , 2011; Martins et al , 2012). Furthermore, strains of this serovar (mainly type Hardjobovis; Leptospira borgpetersenii ) have been recovered from sheep worldwide (Kingscote, 1985; Gerritsen et al , 1994; Cerri et al , 1996; Dorjee et al , 2009). Notably, the few reports concerning Hardjo recovery in Brazil report only the recovery of L. interrogans type Hardjoprajitno (Cosate et al , 2012).…”

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of Leptospira interrogans Hardjoprajitno from vaginal fluid of a clinically healthy ewe suggests potential for venereal transmission

Penna

Hamond

Loureiro

et al. 2014

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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A total of 15 adult ewes from one flock known to be seroreactive for leptospirosis was studied. Urine and vaginal fluid were collected from each animal to test for the presence of leptospires using bacterial culture and conventional PCR methods. One pure culture of Leptospira sp. was obtained from the vaginal fluid sample of a non-pregnant ewe. The isolate was characterized by DNA sequencing of the rrs and secY genes, variable-number of tandem-repeats (VNTR) analysis and serogrouping, and the isolate was typed as Leptospira interrogans serogroup Sejroe serovar Hardjo type Hardjoprajitno. This report indicates the presence of viable Leptospira in the vaginal fluid of a ewe, suggesting the potential for venereal transmission of leptospires in sheep. Case reportA flock of sheep located in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, was initially studied for leptospirosis by microscopic agglutination test (MAT). The flock was composed of 21 Santa Inês sheep (18 females and 3 males), which were not vaccinated against leptospirosis, semi-extensive breeding and natural mating. No reproductive failures or abortions had been reported in the last breeding season. All animals were kept together throughout the year. This study was submitted to the ethics committee on animal use of the Fluminense Federal University (9 August 2012, protocol number 225). The first screening by MAT revealed 15 seroreactive females (83.4 %) and 1 male (33.3 %) with titres ranging from 100 to 800. Antibodies against serogoroup Sejroe were predominant (81.2 % of seroreactives); however, low titres (100) against serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae were observed in three animals (18.8 %).Due to the high seroreactivity in this flock, it was selected for further studies. Approximately 1 month after the first sampling, urine, vaginal fluid and blood samples were collected from the 15 seroreactive females in order to confirm the leptospiral infection. Bacterial culture and PCR were performed for urine and vaginal fluid samples, while serum samples were resubmitted for serology testing (MAT); 3 of 15 (20.0 %) ewes were seronegative.Vaginal fluids were collected, after the perineum was first cleaned with water alone, using a tampon (Tampax regular) that was introduced into the vagina of the sheep. After 10 min, the tampon was removed and transferred to a sterile vial containing 20 ml PBS, as described previously (Lilenbaum et al., 2008). Following the collection of vaginal fluids, 0.5-1.0 mg furosemide kg 21 (Teuto Laboratory) was administered intravenously and a second voiding of urine collected into sterile vials.At the Veterinary Bacteriology Laboratory, Fluminense Federal University, the tampons were aseptically squeezed and centrifuged at 800 g for 10 min in sterile vials, and an aliquot (500 ml) of each supernatant was transferred to Fletcher and Ellinghausen-McCullough-Johnson-Harris (EMJH) media tubes (Difco). In addition, 500 ml urine samples were immediately transferred to Fletcher and EMJH media tubes. All samples were processed on the day of sampling. All cultures were...

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Are white-spot lesions in kidneys in sheep associated with leptospirosis?

Abstract: Whereas highly significant associations, including a strong dose-response effect, were observed between WSK and MAT serology, WSK was a poor predictor for the antibody and pathogen status of sheep carcasses with respect to leptospirosis.

Cited by 5 publications

References 29 publications

The Efficacy of Vaccination in the Prevention of Renal and Genital Leptospirosis in Experimentally Infected Sheep

The Efficacy of Vaccination in the Prevention of Renal and Genital Leptospirosis in Experimentally Infected Sheep

Evaluation of ‘white-spotted kidneys’ associated with leptospirosis by polymerase chain reaction based <i>LipL32</i> gene in slaughtered cows

Isolation of Leptospira interrogans Hardjoprajitno from vaginal fluid of a clinically healthy ewe suggests potential for venereal transmission

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