Are we facing NOVICHOK nerve agent threat?

Kuča, Kamil; Nepovimová, Eugenie

doi:10.21767/amj.2018.3482

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 7 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…In fact, in the face of new agents like Novichok, these procedures are more general due to a lack of expertise ( Wu and O'Sullivan, 2019 ). These precautions involve three steps in the case of a Novichok: decontamination, resuscitation, and specific treatment ( Kuca and Nepovimova, 2019 ). Novichok treatments are remarkably similar to those for other organophosphates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A complete, evidence-based review on novichok poisoning based on epidemiological aspects and clinical management

et al. 2023

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Background: The whole world has learned about the existence of a highly toxic neuro-paralytic substance called Novichok. A wide range of neuro-paralytic toxins were used during the wars of decades ago, which also had harmful and irreversible effects. Fortunately, the establishment of conventions prohibiting the use of these weapons prevented the adverse clinical consequences of these compounds. What we did in the present study was to evaluate the clinical features of Novichok, how to manage exposure to it, and to evaluate the prognostic aspects associated with this poisoning agent.Methods: The manuscript especial databases including Medline, Web of knowledge, Google scholar, and Scopus were deeply searched by the two blinded investigators for all eligible studies based on the considered keywords. Initially 98 articles were initially collected by database searching that considering eligibility criteria, 83 articles were finally eligible for the final assessment. There is a lack of clinical trials and case-cohort studies on general population about treatment and side effects when it comes to human nerve agents and most of the data in our search is based on animal studies.Results: In evaluating various clinical, auto physiological and prognostic aspects of exposure to these substances, special attention was necessary to the following points. First, Novichok agents are considered more potent than other toxic agents. Pathophysiologically, these agents irreversibly bind acetylcholinesterase and produce a rapid cholinergic toxidrome which is responsible for the clinical manifestations as well as the potential dangerous and life threatening side effects caused by these agents. Uniquely, these agents are thought to also target every neuron in the central and peripheral nervous system. As a managerial and therapeutic approach, early and timely treatment of its related complication along with prevents massive exposure and decontamination in addition to rapid resuscitation can prohibit debilitating neuropathy and death due to facing it.Conclusion: The present review highlights the importance of recognizing the potential acute toxic effects of Novichok agents, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches (life-saving antidotal therapy) to complications and ultimately the application of guidelines to improve the prognosis of exposure to these agents for both victims and medical community.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A complete, evidence-based review on novichok poisoning based on epidemiological aspects and clinical management

et al. 2023

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Chemoselective Hydrogenation of 6‐Alkynyl‐3‐fluoro‐2‐pyridinaldoximes: Access to First‐in‐Class 6‐Alkyl‐3‐Fluoro‐2‐pyridinaldoxime Scaffolds as New Reactivators of Sarin‐Inhibited Human Acetylcholinesterase with Increased Blood–Brain Barrier Permeability

Yerri

Dias²,

Nimmakayala

et al. 2020

Chemistry A European J

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Novel 6-alkyl-and 6-alkenyl-3-fluoro-2-pyridinaldoximes have been synthesisedb yu sing amild and efficient chemoselective hydrogenation of 6-alkynyl-3-fluoro-2pyridinaldoximes caffolds, withouta lteringt he reducible, unprotected, sensitive oxime functionality and the CÀFb ond. These novel 6-alkyl-3-fluoro-2-pyridinaldoximesmay find medicinal application as antidotes to organophosphate poisoning. Indeed, one low-molecular-weight compound exhibited increased affinity for sarin-inhibited acetylcholinesterase (hAChE) and greater reactivation efficiency or resurrection for sarin-inhibited hAChE, compared with those of 2-pyridin-aldoxime (2-PAM) and 1-({[4-(aminocarbonyl)pyridinio]meth-oxy}methyl)-2-[(hydroxyimino)methyl]pyridiniumchloride (HI-6), two pyridiniums alts currently used as antidote by several countries. In addition, the uncharged 3-fluorinated bifunctional hybrid showedi ncreased in vitro blood-brain barrier permeability compared with those of 2-PAM, HI-6 and obidoxime. These promisingf eatures of novel low-molecular-weight alkylfluoropyridinaldoxime open up an ew era for the design, synthesis and discovery of central non-quaternary broad spectrumr eactivators for organophosphate-inhibitedc holinesterases.

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Catalytic bioscavengers: the second generation of bioscavenger-based medical countermeasures

Masson¹,

Lushchekina²

2020

Handbook of Toxicology of Chemical Warfare Agents

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Are we facing NOVICHOK nerve agent threat?

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

A complete, evidence-based review on novichok poisoning based on epidemiological aspects and clinical management

A complete, evidence-based review on novichok poisoning based on epidemiological aspects and clinical management

Chemoselective Hydrogenation of 6‐Alkynyl‐3‐fluoro‐2‐pyridinaldoximes: Access to First‐in‐Class 6‐Alkyl‐3‐Fluoro‐2‐pyridinaldoxime Scaffolds as New Reactivators of Sarin‐Inhibited Human Acetylcholinesterase with Increased Blood–Brain Barrier Permeability

Catalytic bioscavengers: the second generation of bioscavenger-based medical countermeasures

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