Are we closing in on an "elusive enemy"? The current status of our battle with<i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>

Perez, Federico; Ponce-Terashima, Rafael; Adams, Mark D.

doi:10.4161/viru.2.2.15748

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Several virulence factors required for pathogenesis have been identified in A. baumannii [12]. Both the sequenced genomes harbour genes required for assembly of type-IV pili (pilB and pilF), for twitching motility (pilT and pilU), surface polysaccharides (pgaA/B/C/D), which is involved in the synthesis of poly β- (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)-N-acetyl glucosamine for biofilm formation and protects the bacteria against innate host defenses [48,49], outer membrane protein (OmpA) involved in pathogenesis and signal processing [50], phospholipase C, an important factor in cellular damage [51] and phospholipase D, important for human serum resistance and epithelial cell invasion, siderophores (bauA and basD), encodes for acinetobactin transport and biosynthesis, respectively [11]. Additionally, ACN21 possess the csuE gene, which belongs to the CsuA/ BABCDE chaperone usher complex responsible for pili production and biofilm formation [52] whereas CIAT758 possesses the biofilm-associated protein (Bap) required for the development of mature biofilm structures [53].…”

Section: Virulence Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the complete genomes of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii harbouring bla OXA-23, bla OXA-420 and bla NDM-1 genes using a hybrid-assembly approach

Vijayakumar

Wattal

Oberoi

et al. 2020

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Carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii is due to bla OXA-23, which is endemic in India. Recently, the sporadic presence of bla OXA-58 as well as the occurrence of dual carbapenemases were observed. The mobility as well as the dissemination of these resistance genes were mainly mediated by various mobile genetic elements. The present study was aimed at characterizing the genetic arrangement of bla OXA-23, bla NDM-1 and bla OXA-58 identified in two complete genomes of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB). Complete genomes obtained using a hybrid-assembly approach revealed the accurate arrangement of Tn2006 with bla OXA-23, ISAba125 with bla NDM and ISAba3 with bla OXA-58. In addition, the association of IntI1 integrase with the bla CARB-2 gene and several virulence factors required for type-IV pili assembly, motility and biofilm formation have been identified. The current study provided deeper insight into the complete characterization of insertion sequences and transposons associated with the carbapenem-resistant genes using short reads of IonTorrent PGM and long reads of MinIon in A. baumannii .

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Section: Virulence Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the complete genomes of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii harbouring bla OXA-23, bla OXA-420 and bla NDM-1 genes using a hybrid-assembly approach

Vijayakumar

Wattal

Oberoi

et al. 2020

Access Microbiology

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“…Among these molecules, OmpA from A. baumannii (AbOmpA) makes up a potential virulence factor with multiple important effects in pathogenesis and signal processing (Perez et al, 2011). AbOmpA is the most abundant surface protein involved in the adherence to and invasion of epithelial cells and induces apoptosis in the early stages of A. baumannii infection (Gaddy et al, 2009).…”

Section: Pathogenesis and Virulence Factors Of Acinetobacter Baumanniimentioning

confidence: 99%

The Acinetobacter baumannii Oxymoron: Commensal Hospital Dweller Turned Pan-Drug-Resistant Menace

Roca¹,

Espinal²,

et al. 2012

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During the past few decades Acinetobacter baumannii has evolved from being a commensal dweller of health-care facilities to constitute one of the most annoying pathogens responsible for hospitalary outbreaks and it is currently considered one of the most important nosocomial pathogens. In a prevalence study of infections in intensive care units conducted among 75 countries of the five continents, this microorganism was found to be the fifth most common pathogen. Two main features contribute to the success of A. baumannii: (i) A. baumannii exhibits an outstanding ability to accumulate a great variety of resistance mechanisms acquired by different mechanisms, either mutations or acquisition of genetic elements such as plasmids, integrons, transposons, or resistant islands, making this microorganism multi- or pan-drug-resistant and (ii) The ability to survive in the environment during prolonged periods of time which, combined with its innate resistance to desiccation and disinfectants, makes A. baumannii almost impossible to eradicate from the clinical setting. In addition, its ability to produce biofilm greatly contributes to both persistence and resistance. In this review, the pathogenesis of the infections caused by this microorganism as well as the molecular bases of antibacterial resistance and clinical aspects such as treatment and potential future therapeutic strategies are discussed in depth.

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“…Carbapenem antibiotics are active against most ␤-lactamase-producing organisms, including those with extended-spectrum ␤-lactamase enzymes (7). They are the antibiotics of choice and are considered frontline treatment for infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria (8), but alarmingly, the rate of carbapenem resistance is increasing among A. baumannii isolates, imposing huge financial and health care burdens (1,(9)(10)(11). Indeed, carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB) has emerged as one of the biggest challenges in the treatment of infections caused by this organism, especially when it involves GC1 or GC2 isolates that are already resistant to a wide range of alternative antibiotics (12,13).…”

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Accumulation of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates Belonging to Lineage 2, Global Clone 1, from Outbreaks in 2012–2013 at a Tehran Burns Hospital

Douraghi

Kenyon

Aris

et al. 2020

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The worldwide distribution of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) has become a global concern, particularly in countries where antibiotic prescription is not tightly regulated. However, knowledge of the genomic aspects of CRAB from many parts of the world is still limited. Here, 50 carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii isolates recovered at a single hospital in Tehran, Iran, during several outbreaks in 2012 and 2013 were found to be resistant to multiple antibiotics. They were examined using PCR mapping and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). All Iranian strains belonged to sequence type 328 in the Institut Pasteur MLST scheme (ST328IP), a single-locus variant of ST81IP, and all Iranian strains contained two carbapenem resistance genes, oxa23 and oxa24. The oxa23 gene is in the transposon Tn2006 in AbaR4, which interrupts the chromosomal comM gene. Phylogenetic analysis using whole-genome sequence (WGS) data for 9 isolates showed that they belonged to the same clade, designated the ST81/ST328 clade, within lineage 2 of global clone 1 (GC1). However, there were two groups that included either KL13 or KL18 at the K locus (KL) for capsular polysaccharide synthesis and either a tet39 or an aadB resistance gene, respectively. The genetic context of the resistance genes was determined, and the oxa24 (OXA-72 variant) and tet39 (tetracycline resistance) genes were each in a pdif module in different plasmids. The aadB gene cassette (which encodes gentamicin, kanamycin, and tobramycin resistance) was harbored by pRAY*, and the aphA6 gene (which encodes amikacin resistance) and sul2 gene (which encodes sulfamethoxazole resistance) were each harbored by a different plasmid. The sequences obtained here will underpin future studies of GC1 CRAB strains from the Middle East region. IMPORTANCE Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains are among the most critical antibiotic-resistant bacteria causing hospital-acquired infections and treatment failures. The global spread of two clones has been responsible for the bulk of the resistance, in particular, carbapenem resistance. However, there is a substantial gap in our knowledge of which clones and which specific lineages within each clone are circulating in many parts of the world, including Africa and the Middle East region. This is the first genomic analysis of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii strains from Iran. All the isolates, from a single hospital, belonged to lineage 2 of global clone 1 (GC1) but fell into two groups distinguished by genes in the locus for capsule biosynthesis. The analysis suggests a potential origin of multiply antibiotic-resistant lineage 2 in the Middle East region and highlights the ongoing evolution of carbapenem-resistant GC1 A. baumannii strains. It will enhance future studies on the local and global GC1 population structure.

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Are we closing in on an "elusive enemy"? The current status of our battle withAcinetobacter baumannii

Cited by 22 publications

References 56 publications

Insights into the complete genomes of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii harbouring bla OXA-23, bla OXA-420 and bla NDM-1 genes using a hybrid-assembly approach

Insights into the complete genomes of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii harbouring bla OXA-23, bla OXA-420 and bla NDM-1 genes using a hybrid-assembly approach

The Acinetobacter baumannii Oxymoron: Commensal Hospital Dweller Turned Pan-Drug-Resistant Menace

Accumulation of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates Belonging to Lineage 2, Global Clone 1, from Outbreaks in 2012–2013 at a Tehran Burns Hospital

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