Are we at a stage to predict autoimmune rheumatic diseases?

Vaccination and autoimmune diseases: is prevention of adverse health effects on the horizon?

“…In such subsets, the potential benefit of vaccination should be weighed against its potential risk [138]. In the 2015, Soriano et al supposed that four groups of individuals are at risk: (1) patients with prior postvaccination autoimmune phenomena, such as patients who showed initial clinical manifestations (fever, arthralgia) after dose vaccination; (2) immunosuppressed patients with autoimmune conditions: indeed, live vaccines including BCG, MMR vaccines, and vaccines against herpes zoster, and yellow fever are generally contraindicated in these patients due to the risk of an uncontrolled viral replication [163]; (3) patients with a history of allergic reactions: the vaccine components include potential allergens such as animal-derived proteins like egg (present in yellow fever, influenza, and MMR vaccines), adjuvants like aluminum (present in HPV, HNI, and HBV and vaccines) and thimerosal (HPV vaccine), antibiotics like gentamycin, neomycin, streptomycin, polymyxin B, and stabilizers like gelatin (present in varicella, and MMR vaccines) and lactose; (4) patients who are prone to develop autoimmunity, including patients having a family history of autoimmune diseases; asymptomatic carriers of autoantibodies, such as high levels of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) in RA, anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMA) in primary biliary cirrhosis, anti-thyroid antibodies in Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and anti-dsDNA in SLE [164]; carrying certain genetic profiles, including patients with polymorphisms associated with the insulin gene, the thyroglobulin gene and the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor gene [165].…”

Diagnostic Role of Anti-Nuclear Antibodies in Rheumatic Diseases

“…Multiplex detection of many of them in the sera of the patients simplifies the detection procedures. [14] These systems use two major arrays, one being planar and the other nonplanar. Planar arrays consist of systems constituted by microspots on slides, polystyrene microplates, and linear immunoblot systems on nitrocellulose membranes.…”

Killer Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells (KaAPC) for Efficient <em>In Vitro</em> Depletion of Human Antigen-specific T Cells

“…However, the most common treatments still rely on corticosteroids as well as immunosuppressive drugs such as purine analogs, alkylating agents and calcineurin inhibitors 1 . The use of such drugs has greatly improved the prognosis of patients, yet the treatment does not provide a cure of the underlying immunological malfunction.…”