Are Virtual Particles Less Real?

Jaeger, Gregg

doi:10.3390/e21020141

Cited by 29 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…ily create and propagate (from the vacuum), relying on the uncertainty principle for their allowance 58 . Entry points of view on the vacuum and virtual particles are presented in [264,2,130].…”

Section: Virtual Particles Entanglement and No Supra Luminous Propagmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Gravity Emergence from Entanglement in a Multi-Fold Universe

Maes¹

2020

Preprint

217

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We start from a hypothetical multi-fold universe U_{MF}}, where the propagation of everything is slower or equal to the speed of light and where entanglement extends the set of paths available to Path Integrals. This multi-fold mechanism enables EPR (Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen) “spooky actions at distance” to result from local interactions in the resulting folds. It produces gravity-like attractive effective potentials in the spacetime, between entangled entities, that are caused by the curvature of the folds. When quantized, multi-folds correspond to gravitons and they are enablers of EPR entanglement. Gravity emerges non-perturbative and covariant from EPR entanglement between virtual particles surrounding an entity.In U_{MF}, we encounter mechanisms that predict gravity fluctuations when entanglement is present, including in macroscopic entanglements. Besides providing a new perspective on quantum gravity, when added to the Standard Model and Standard Cosmology, U_{MF} can contribute explanations of several open questions and challenges. It also clarifies some relationships and challenges met by other quantum gravity models and Theories of Everything. It leads to suggestions for these works.We also reconstruct the spacetime of U_{MF}, starting from the random walks of particles in an early spacetime. U_{MF} now appears as a noncommutative, discrete, yet Lorentz symmetric, spacetime that behaves roughly 2-Dimensional at Planck scales, when it is a graph of microscopic Planck size black holes on a random walk fractal structure left by particles that can also appear as also microscopic black holes. Of course, at larger scales, spacetime appears 4-D, where we are able to explain curvature and recover Einstein’s General Relativity. We also discover an entanglement gravity-like contributions and massive gravity at very small scales. This is remarkable considering that no Hilbert Einstein action, or variations expressing area invariance, were introduced. Our model also explains why semi classical approaches can work till way smaller scale than usually expected and present a new view on an Ultimate Unification of all forces, at very small scales.We also explore opportunities for falsifiability and validation of our model, as well as ideas for futuristic applications that may be worth considering, if U_{MF} was a suitable model for our universe U_{real}.

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Section: Virtual Particles Entanglement and No Supra Luminous Propagmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Gravity Emergence from Entanglement in a Multi-Fold Universe

Maes¹

2020

Preprint

217

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“…As a result, my engagement with literature on the subject will be more limited than one might prefer. However, the sources cited here, such as [41][42][43][44], contain extensive bibliographies of both physical and philosophical literature. Among the standard technical textbooks are [45][46][47].…”

Section: "Perhaps the Biggest Change Of All The Big Changes In Physics": Quantum Measurement Quantum Objects And Elementary Particles In mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nature Has No Elementary Particles and Makes No Measurements or Predictions: Quantum Measurement and Quantum Theory, from Bohr to Bell and from Bell to Bohr

Plotnitsky

2021

Entropy

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This article reconsiders the concept of physical reality in quantum theory and the concept of quantum measurement, following Bohr, whose analysis of quantum measurement led him to his concept of a (quantum) “phenomenon,” referring to “the observations obtained under the specified circumstances,” in the interaction between quantum objects and measuring instruments. This situation makes the terms “observation” and “measurement,” as conventionally understood, inapplicable. These terms are remnants of classical physics or still earlier history, from which classical physics inherited it. As defined here, a quantum measurement does not measure any preexisting property of the ultimate constitution of the reality responsible for quantum phenomena. An act of measurement establishes a quantum phenomenon by an interaction between the instrument and the quantum object or in the present view the ultimate constitution of the reality responsible for quantum phenomena and, at the time of measurement, also quantum objects. In the view advanced in this article, in contrast to that of Bohr, quantum objects, such as electrons or photons, are assumed to exist only at the time of measurement and not independently, a view that redefines the concept of quantum object as well. This redefinition becomes especially important in high-energy quantum regimes and quantum field theory and allows this article to define a new concept of quantum field. The article also considers, now following Bohr, the quantum measurement as the entanglement between quantum objects and measurement instruments. The argument of the article is grounded in the concept “reality without realism” (RWR), as underlying quantum measurement thus understood, and the view, the RWR view, of quantum theory defined by this concept. The RWR view places a stratum of physical reality thus designated, here the reality ultimately responsible for quantum phenomena, beyond representation or knowledge, or even conception, and defines the corresponding set of interpretations quantum mechanics or quantum field theory, such as the one assumed in this article, in which, again, not only quantum phenomena but also quantum objects are (idealizations) defined by measurement. As such, the article also offers a broadly conceived response to J. Bell’s argument “against ‘measurement’”.

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“…Y por último, a diferencia del caso de las partículas virtuales, nada prohíbe que los fonones apa-rezcan en los estados de entrada o salida de procesos de scatering (de hecho eso es lo que se hace en el experimento de Shinen -1963 -). En consecuencia, independientemente a que algunos autores abogan a favor de la existencia de las partículas virtuales (Valente 2011, Jaeger 2019) mientras que otros la niegan (Redhead 1988, Fox 2008, lo que queremos destacar es que por las razones mencionadas se hace necesario considerar el estatus ontológico de los fonones desde una categorización diferente.…”

Section: Por Lo Tanto Existen Pero ¿Cómo Existen?unclassified

Acerca del estatuto ontológico de los fonones

Accorinti

Fortín

2020

Principia

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A los cristales se los describe como a una red de átomos que puede vibrar alrededor de su posición de equilibrio. Sin embargo, el hecho de que la energía de estas ondas esté cuantificada sugiere una analogía con el campo electromagnético. En analogía con el fotón se define al fonón. Generalmente se concibe al fonón como a una cuasi-partícula, es decir, como a un instrumento matemático útil en los cálculos pero sin una existencia propia. En este trabajo estudiamos el estatuto ontológico del fonón y argumentaremos en favor de la idea de considerarlo como una partícula real.

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Are Virtual Particles Less Real?

Cited by 29 publications

References 25 publications

Quantum Gravity Emergence from Entanglement in a Multi-Fold Universe

Quantum Gravity Emergence from Entanglement in a Multi-Fold Universe

Nature Has No Elementary Particles and Makes No Measurements or Predictions: Quantum Measurement and Quantum Theory, from Bohr to Bell and from Bell to Bohr

Acerca del estatuto ontológico de los fonones

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