Are Viral Infections Key Inducers of Autoimmune Diseases? Focus on Epstein–Barr Virus

Takei, Masami; Kitamura, Noboru; Nagasawa, Y.; Tsuzuki, Hiroshi; Iwata, Mitsuhiro; Nagatsuka, Yasuko; Nakamura, Hideki; Imai, Kenichi; Fujiwara, Shigeyoshi

doi:10.3390/v14091900

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…51 In addition, autoimmune diseases linked to EBV include systemic lupus erythematosus, 52 multiple sclerosis, 53 or rheumatoid arthritis. 54 It is suggested that EBV may contribute to the onset or exacerbation of autoimmune disorders. Despite these insights, the precise role of such RNAs in autoimmune diseases remains unclear, warranting further investigation of the complex interplay between the virus and the host’s immune system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RNA 5ʹ terminal nucleotide determines the strength of the RIG-I/IFN signaling pathway

Wolczyk,

Szymanski,

Trus

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The interferon (IFN) response is crucial for antiviral activity, but its overstimulation can lead to a wide range of autoimmune disorders. The cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor RIG-I detects viral RNAs and endogenous polymerase III transcripts carrying a 5′-triphosphate (5′- ppp) or 5′-diphosphate (5′-pp) moiety, triggering an IFN immune response. While many viral RNAs initiate with 5′-ppp-adenosine (5′-pppA) and most endogenous Pol III transcripts in higher eukaryotes start with 5′-ppp-guanosine (5′-pppG), no apparent reason for this bias has been identified so far. Here we demonstrate that RNAs initiating with 5′-pppA trigger a much stronger RIG-I/IFN response than those starting with 5′-pppG. The structures of the matching RNA pairs have been confirmed to be similar, suggesting that functional differences in RIG-I/IFN pathway stimulation cannot be primarily explained by an altered conformation. We show that several GTP-binding proteins interact with 5′-pppG RNAs creating a steric hindrance and protecting these RNAs from activating RIG-I. Our findings suggest that 5′-pppG RNAs may allow some RNA viruses and Pol III transcripts to evade detection by cellular immune sensors. These results provide a new insight into the mechanism of sequence-dependent RIG-I/IFN pathway activation and have significant implications for understanding the antiviral response to RNA viruses and the contribution of Pol III-derived RNAs to autoimmune disorders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RNA 5ʹ terminal nucleotide determines the strength of the RIG-I/IFN signaling pathway

Wolczyk,

Szymanski,

Trus

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Besides the convincing data about the role of EBV in MS, EBV has long been associated with other autoimmune diseases (AI), specifically systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and Sjögren syndrome (SS) [ 151 ]. As in MS, a higher prevalence of EBV infection, higher titers in serum anti-EBV antibodies, and a higher viral load in blood were reported in SLE, RA, and SS, sometimes correlated with disease activity.…”

Section: Immune-mediated Inflammatory Diseases (Imids)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Virological Markers in Epstein–Barr Virus-Associated Diseases

Lupo

Truffot

Andréani

et al. 2023

Viruses

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Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is an oncogenic virus infecting more than 95% of the world’s population. After primary infection—responsible for infectious mononucleosis in young adults—the virus persists lifelong in the infected host, especially in memory B cells. Viral persistence is usually without clinical consequences, although it can lead to EBV-associated cancers such as lymphoma or carcinoma. Recent reports also suggest a link between EBV infection and multiple sclerosis. In the absence of vaccines, research efforts have focused on virological markers applicable in clinical practice for the management of patients with EBV-associated diseases. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is an EBV-associated malignancy for which serological and molecular markers are widely used in clinical practice. Measuring blood EBV DNA load is additionally, useful for preventing lymphoproliferative disorders in transplant patients, with this marker also being explored in various other EBV-associated lymphomas. New technologies based on next-generation sequencing offer the opportunity to explore other biomarkers such as the EBV DNA methylome, strain diversity, or viral miRNA. Here, we review the clinical utility of different virological markers in EBV-associated diseases. Indeed, evaluating existing or new markers in EBV-associated malignancies or immune-mediated inflammatory diseases triggered by EBV infection continues to be a challenge.

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“…Virale Arthritis [61] Parasitosen: Plasmodien, Filarien, Helmitoden, Lamblien Arthralgien, Arthritiden [62] erhöhtes Risiko einer infektiösen Arthritis assoziiert mit: * HLA-B27, # Sichelzellanämie…”

Section: Tripperarthritisunclassified

Woran denken bei Gelenkschmerzen?

Haas

2023

Kinder- und Jugendmedizin

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ZUSAMMENFASSUNGGelenksbeschwerden und Schmerzen im Bereich des muskulo-skelettalen Systems gehören zu den häufigsten Symptomen in kinder- und jugendmedizinischen Praxen und Ambulanzen. Meistens handelt es sich um temporäre durch Bagatelltraumen und/oder Überlastung verursachte Beschwerden oder eine Begleitreaktion z. B. im Rahmen von Infektionserkrankungen. Wiederholte und/oder länger anhaltende Beschwerden insbesondere in gleicher Lokalisation bedürfen jedoch einer eingehenden Abklärung. Differenzialdiagnostisch ist bei unklaren Gelenksbeschwerden eine Vielzahl von Erkrankungen möglich, die zum Teil sehr selten auftreten. Dies erschwert die zielorientierte Abklärung für den Praktiker. Eine rechtzeitige Diagnostik kann einerseits das Auftreten bleibender Schäden und andererseits bedrohliche Verkäufe, die bei einigen Erkrankungen die das muskulo-skelettale System betreffen möglich sind, vermeiden helfen. Die folgende Zusammenstellung soll hier einen praxisorientierten Leitfaden bieten.

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Are Viral Infections Key Inducers of Autoimmune Diseases? Focus on Epstein–Barr Virus

Cited by 13 publications

References 99 publications

RNA 5ʹ terminal nucleotide determines the strength of the RIG-I/IFN signaling pathway

RNA 5ʹ terminal nucleotide determines the strength of the RIG-I/IFN signaling pathway

Virological Markers in Epstein–Barr Virus-Associated Diseases

Woran denken bei Gelenkschmerzen?

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