Are Vaccines the Solution for Methane Emissions from Ruminants? A Systematic Review

Baca-González, Victoria; Asensio-Calavia, Patricia; González-Acosta, Sergio; Lastra, José Manuel Pérez de la; Morales-delaNuez, A.

doi:10.3390/vaccines8030460

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…Instead, enhancing animal productivity while decreasing CH 4 might be a sustainable option, not compromising feed for a growing population. In the latest years, a lot of effort has been put into the study of animal breeding [7], vaccines [8], dietary management, and additives [9], as means to mitigate CH 4 emissions. Despite positive results reported in some studies, there is still not a consensus at a global scale, mainly because the efficacy and feasibility of each proposed strategy are affected by several factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative pathways for hydrogen sink originated from the ruminal fermentation of carbohydrates: Which microorganisms are involved in lowering methane emission?

2022

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Agriculture is responsible for a great share of the anthropogenic sources of greenhouse gases that, by warming the earth, threaten its biodiversity. Among greenhouse gas emissions, enteric CH4 from livestock is an important target to slow down climate changes. The CH4 is originated from rumen fermentation and its concentration is affected by several factors, including genetics and nutrition. Ruminants have an extraordinary symbiosis with microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, and protozoa) that ferment otherwise indigestible carbohydrates, from which they obtain energy to grow and continue actively producing, among other products, volatile fatty acids, CO2 and H2. Detrimental ruminal accumulation of H2 is avoided by methanogenesis carried out by Archaea methanogens. Importantly, methanogenesis is not the only H2 sink pathway. In fact, other bacteria can reduce substrates using metabolic hydrogen formed during carbohydrate fermentation, namely propionate production and reductive acetogenesis, thus lowering the CH4 produced. Although the complexity of rumen poses challenges to mitigate CH4 production, the emergence of sequencing techniques that allow the study of microbial communities, gene expression, and metabolome are largely contributing to unravel pathways and key players in the rumen. Indeed, it is now recognized that in vivo emissions of CH4 are correlated to microbial communities, and particularly with the abundance of methanogens, several bacterial groups, and their genes. The goal of CH4 mitigation is to work in favor of the natural processes, without compromising rumen function, animal health, and productivity. Notwithstanding, the major challenge continues to be the feasibility and affordability of the proposed solutions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative pathways for hydrogen sink originated from the ruminal fermentation of carbohydrates: Which microorganisms are involved in lowering methane emission?

2022

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“…In addition, management practices such as feeding frequency and feeding level can influence methane production (Benchaar & Hasaanat, 2020; Mathison et al., 1998). Vaccination‐based approaches to eliminate rumen methanogens have been improved due to more in‐depth analyses that have identified methanogens that are ecologically significant and metabolically active (Baca‐González et al., 2020). Identification of target methanogen candidates has enhanced the effectiveness and duration of vaccines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding cashew nut shell liquid decreases methane production from feces by altering fecal bacterial and archaeal communities in Thai local ruminants

Tamori

Matsunaga

Boonsaen

et al. 2021

Animal Science Journal

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The effect of feeding cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) on fecal fermentation products and microbiota was investigated in Thai native cattle and swamp buffaloes. Four of each animal were fed rice straw and concentrate diet with control pellets without CNSL for 4 weeks, followed by the same diet with pellets containing CNSL for another 4 weeks, so that CNSL was administered at a level of 4 g/100 kg body weight. Feces were collected the last 2 days in each feeding period. CNSL alkyl phenols were recovered from feces (16%–28%) in a similar proportion to those in the diet, indicating that most functional anacardic acid was not selectively removed throughout the digestive tract. In vitro production of gas from feces, particularly methane, decreased with CNSL feeding. The proportion of acetate in feces decreased with CNSL feeding, whereas that of propionate increased, without affecting total short‐chain fatty acid concentration. CNSL feeding changed fecal microbial community, particularly in swamp buffaloes, which exhibited decreases in the frequencies of Treponema, unclassified Ruminococcaceae, and Methanomassiliicoccaceae. These results suggest that CNSL feeding alters not only rumen fermentation but also hindgut fermentation via modulation of the microbial community, thereby potentially attenuating methane emission from the feces of ruminant animals.

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“…Several different approaches have been used to specifically target methanogens in the rumen. These include feed additives such as 3-nitrooxypropanol [ 58 ], halogenated compounds [ 59 ], and certain seaweeds [ 60 ] as well as work to develop anti-methanogen vaccines [ 61 ]. Studies to date with the available technologies suggest that when CH 4 production is inhibited, we do not observe a sufficient increase in rumen H 2 emissions to account for the reducing equivalents that are not captured in CH 4 .…”

Section: Redirecting Hydrogen Metabolism and Ruminant Methane Mitigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen and formate production and utilisation in the rumen and the human colon

et al. 2022

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Molecular hydrogen (H2) and formate (HCOO−) are metabolic end products of many primary fermenters in the mammalian gut. Both play a vital role in fermentation where they are electron sinks for individual microbes in an anaerobic environment that lacks external electron acceptors. If H2 and/or formate accumulate within the gut ecosystem, the ability of primary fermenters to regenerate electron carriers may be inhibited and microbial metabolism and growth disrupted. Consequently, H2- and/or formate-consuming microbes such as methanogens and homoacetogens play a key role in maintaining the metabolic efficiency of primary fermenters. There is increasing interest in identifying approaches to manipulate mammalian gut environments for the benefit of the host and the environment. As H2 and formate are important mediators of interspecies interactions, an understanding of their production and utilisation could be a significant entry point for the development of successful interventions. Ruminant methane mitigation approaches are discussed as a model to help understand the fate of H2 and formate in gut systems.

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Are Vaccines the Solution for Methane Emissions from Ruminants? A Systematic Review

Cited by 23 publications

References 98 publications

Alternative pathways for hydrogen sink originated from the ruminal fermentation of carbohydrates: Which microorganisms are involved in lowering methane emission?

Alternative pathways for hydrogen sink originated from the ruminal fermentation of carbohydrates: Which microorganisms are involved in lowering methane emission?

Feeding cashew nut shell liquid decreases methane production from feces by altering fecal bacterial and archaeal communities in Thai local ruminants

Hydrogen and formate production and utilisation in the rumen and the human colon

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