Are thyroid nodules associated with sex-related hormones? A cross-sectional SPECT-China study

Chen, Yi; Chen, Yingchao; Wang, Ningjian; Chen, Chi; Nie, Xiaomin; Li, Qin; Han, Bing; Xia, Fangzhen; Zhai, Hualing; Jiang, Boren; Zhang, Shen; Lu, Yingli

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015812

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The cause of this increased risk in females is unclear, although estrogen and progesterone may contribute to this difference in incidence 17. However, the findings in this study conflicted with those of Chen Y et al, who reported that TNs were more prevalent in males in China 18…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 95%

Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography versus fine-needle-aspiration cytology for predicting benign thyroid lesions

Alshoabi

Binnuhaid

2019

Pak J Med Sci

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Background and Objective: Thyroid nodules (TNs) are abnormal growths of thyroid cells that form masses within the thyroid gland. TNs are common, and the importance lies in need to exclude thyroid cancer. This study was intended to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography for differentiating benign from malignant thyroid lesions in comparison with fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNA cytology). Methods: This study involved 133 patients with thyroid lesions. All patients underwent thyroid ultrasonography and ultrasound (US)-guided-FNA cytology and results were compared. Results: Out of 133 patients included in this study, the mean age was 41.2±15 years, and 113 (85%) were female. Thyroid lesions were benign in 126 cases (94.7%) and malignant in nine cases (5.3%). Among 124 patients with thyroid lesions diagnosed as benign with US, 122 (98.38%) were confirmed to be benign with FNA cytology, and only 2 (1.6%) were proved to be malignant. Among nine patients with thyroid lesions diagnosed as malignant by US, 5 (55.6%) were confirmed to be malignant by FNA cytology, and 4 (44.4%) were proved to be benign. The US diagnosed benign thyroid lesions with a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 98.38%, 71.42%, 98.38%, and 55.55%, respectively. The results revealed strong compatibility between diagnosis of benign thyroid lesions by the US and proved diagnosis by FNA cytology (p<0.001). Conclusion: B-mode ultrasonography is a valuable tool in differentiating benign from malignant thyroid lesions. It can almost always predict the benign nature of thyroid lesions with excellent diagnostic accuracy. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.292 How to cite this:Alshoabi SA, Binnuhaid AA. Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography versus fine-needle-aspiration cytology for predicting benign thyroid lesions. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(3):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.3.292 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 95%

Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography versus fine-needle-aspiration cytology for predicting benign thyroid lesions

Alshoabi

Binnuhaid

2019

Pak J Med Sci

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“…Differences in the iodine nutrition status and definition of thyroid nodules between these two studies may also partially explain the discrepancy in the results. The SPECT-China study found a 41.4% prevalence of thyroid nodules, similar to our result ( 27 ). The prevalence in Shanghai in 2009 was 27.76% ( 28 ), and in Heilongjiang Province in 2018, it was 36.88% ( 29 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Iodine nutritional status, the prevalence of thyroid goiter and nodules in rural and urban residents: a cross-sectional study from Guangzhou, China

Yan

You

Wang

et al. 2021

Endocrine Connections

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Objectives A variety of factors differed between rural and urban areas may further influence iodine status and thyroid structure. Hence, this study compared iodine nutrition, the prevalence of thyroid goiter, and nodules between rural and urban residents in Guangzhou, a southern coastal city of China. Methods A total of 1211 rural residents and 1305 urban residents were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. A questionnaire regarding personal characteristics was administered. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was examined. Ultrasonography of the thyroid was performed to evaluate thyroid goiter and nodules. Multiple logistic analysis was used to identify the potential associated factors. Results The median UIC was significantly lower in rural residents than in urban residents (120.80 μg/L vs 136.00 μg/L, P < 0.001). Although the coverage rate of iodized salt was much higher in rural residents than in urban residents (99.59% vs 97.29%, P < 0.001), the percentages of seafood intake (8.60% vs 29.29%, P < 0.001), iodine-containing drug consumption (0.33% vs 1.24%, P = 0.011), and iodine contrast medium injection (0.58% vs 1.87%, P = 0.004) were lower in rural residents than in urban residents. Both the prevalence of thyroid goiters and nodules was significantly higher in rural residents than in urban residents (goiter: 8.06% vs 1.20%, P < 0.001; nodules: 61.89% vs 55.04%, P = 0.023). Living in rural areas was associated with thyroid goiter (OR 5.114, 95% CI 2.893–9.040, P < 0.001). Conclusions There were differences in iodine nutrition and the prevalence of thyroid goiter and nodules in rural and urban residents in Guangzhou. Differentiated and specialized monitoring is recommended in our area.

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“…Estradiol is considered a potent growth factor both for benign and malignant thyroid cells (37)(38)(39). Men with TNs show reduced levels of testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) (40). The gender disparity observed in the association of chronic-MetS with the risk of TNs may be due to the different impact of MetS on endogenous sex hormones.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Changes in Metabolic Syndrome Status With the Incidence of Thyroid Nodules: A Prospective Study in Chinese Adults

Liang

Chen

et al. 2020

Front. Endocrinol.

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Although several cross-sectional studies have shown an association of metabolic syndrome (MetS) with nodular thyroid disease, related prospective studies are scarce. This study investigated the association of MetS with thyroid nodule (TN) incidence in Chinese adults, and explored whether the development of or recovery from MetS is associated with changes in the risk of developing TNs. A total of 4,749 Chinese aged 18-65 years were involved in this 6-year prospective study. The association of MetS with TN prevalence was examined. TN-free individuals at baseline (n = 3,133) were further examined. TN incidence rates in groups with different MetS statuses (MetS-free, MetS-developed, MetS-recovery and MetS-chronic) were analyzed. Of all participants, 18.21 and 31.65% had MetS and TNs, respectively. MetS patients had a higher TN prevalence than the non-MetS group (31.08 vs. 19.81% in males, p < 0.01; 59.52 vs. 39.59% in females, p < 0.01). Sex, age and MetS were independent risk factors for TNs. At a median follow up of 5.94 years, the MetS-chronic group (4.37/100 person-years) had a higher risk of TNs (adjusted incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.288 [95% CI 1.014-1.636]) compared with the MetS-free group (2.72/100 person-years) in the whole cohort. In males, the MetS-chronic group (3.76/100 person-years) had a higher risk of TNs (adjusted IRR = 1.367 [95% CI 1.017-1.835]) compared with the MetS-free group (2.31/100 person-years). In females, the risk of TNs was significantly higher in the MetS-chronic (6.44/100 person-years) and MetS-developed (6.31/100 person-years) groups compared with the MetS-free group (3.23/100 person-years).

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Are thyroid nodules associated with sex-related hormones? A cross-sectional SPECT-China study

Cited by 8 publications

References 38 publications

Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography versus fine-needle-aspiration cytology for predicting benign thyroid lesions

Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography versus fine-needle-aspiration cytology for predicting benign thyroid lesions

Iodine nutritional status, the prevalence of thyroid goiter and nodules in rural and urban residents: a cross-sectional study from Guangzhou, China

Association of Changes in Metabolic Syndrome Status With the Incidence of Thyroid Nodules: A Prospective Study in Chinese Adults

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