Are there specific disabilities of number processing in adolescent patients with Anorexia nervosa? Evidence from clinical and neuropsychological data when compared to morphometric measures from magnetic resonance imaging

Neumärker, Klaus‐Jürgen; Bzufka, W. M.; Dudeck, Ursula; Hein, Jakob; Neumärker, Ursula

doi:10.1007/s007870070005

Cited by 40 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Similar findings by Neumarker et al (2000) confirmed compromised neuropsychological performance in AN patients. In this instance 18 AN patients before and after weight restoration (at 50 and 100% of their normal weight) were compared to a group of controls.…”

Section: Structural Studiessupporting

confidence: 88%

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Review

Stamatakis

Hetherington²

2003

Nutritional Neuroscience

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Neuroanatomical and functional studies in the eating disorders (ED) are reviewed. Typically, anorexia nervosa (AN) is associated with cerebral spinal fluid spaces enlargement which generally recover as a function of re-feeding. However, specific cortical areas fail to correct in weight restored anorectic patients suggesting trait-related abnormalities. Functional changes in AN associated with starvation reverse with weight recovery, however, reduced 5-HT2A receptor binding may be fundamental to the pathophysiology of AN since this remains after long term weight restoration. Structural studies of bulimia nervosa (BN) provide evidence of brain atrophy, in the absence of significant weight loss but potentially related to chronic dietary restriction. Functional investigations reveal reduced thalamic and hypothalamic serotonin transporter availability in BN which increases with longer illness duration. Thus, BN is associated with substantial structural and functional alterations despite normal weight. Recent advances in neuroimaging techniques and their interpretation are increasing our understanding of normal processes in the control of food intake including neuroanatomical correlates of hunger and satiety. Taken together with the structural and functional changes observed in the ED, neuroimaging provides a powerful platform to identify the underlying trait-related pathophysiological mechanisms in the aetiology and maintenance of AN and BN.

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Section: Structural Studiessupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Neuropsychological examinations revealed significant changes in test performance for both the general intelligence test and number processing after weight restoration. However, recovery of weight failed to improve surface deficits in the mesencephalon and the pons (Neumarker et al, 2000).…”

Section: Structural Studiesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Review

Stamatakis

Hetherington²

2003

Nutritional Neuroscience

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“…After modest weight gain, the free IGF-1 fraction was more pronounced than total IGF. At least one MRI study indicated that modest weight gain significantly affects reversible brain changes (Neumärker et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most recently, a study of 18 patients compared with 25 controls (Neumärker, Bzufka, Dudeck, Hein, & Neumärker, 2000) showed that anorexic subjects had significantly larger ventricles and fissures of Sylvius (volumetric measurements) and markedly smaller mesencephalons (area measurements). These authors did not find significant differences in the area measurements of the pons or corpus callosi between the two groups, nor did they find differences in longitudinal (length) measurements of the right and left Sylvian fissures or between the two width measurements of the corpus callosum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Brain tissue volume segmentation in patients with anorexia nervosa before and after weight normalization

Swayze

Andersen

Andreasen

et al. 2002

Intl J Eating Disorders

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“…115 Exogeneous application of leptin to leptin-deficient human adults was shown to have sustained effects on tissue composition in the human brain. 116 In patients with acute AN, pseudoatrophy cerebri is a frequent finding, which is usually reversible during weight gain; 117 knowledge of leptins's effects on the brains of leptin-deficient individuals could potentially account for some of the imaging findings in AN patients.…”

Section: Molecular Psychiatrymentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of leptin in anorexia nervosa: clinical implications

et al. 2006

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Leptin is a hormone with pleiotropic functions affecting several tissues. Because leptin has a crucial role in the adaptation of an organism to semi-starvation, anorexia nervosa (AN) serves as a model disorder to elucidate the functional implications of hypoleptinaemia; vice versa, several symptoms in patients with this eating disorder are related to the low leptin levels, which are characteristic of acute AN. Weight gain in AN patients can induce relative hyperleptinaemia in comparison to controls matched for body mass index; circulating leptin concentrations in AN patients thus transverse from subnormal to supranormal levels within a few weeks. We review findings on leptin secretion in AN and focus on implications, particularly for the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis, bone mineral density and physical hyperactivity. Undoubtedly, the elucidation of leptin's function as a trigger of diverse neuroendocrine adaptations to a restricted energy intake has substantially advanced our knowledge of the pathogenesis of distinct symptoms of AN, including amenorrhoea that represents one of the four diagnostic criteria. The fact that hypoleptinaemia can induce hyperactivity in a rat model for AN has led to a series of studies in AN patients, which support the notion that application of leptin to severely hyperactive patients might prove beneficial.

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Are there specific disabilities of number processing in adolescent patients with Anorexia nervosa? Evidence from clinical and neuropsychological data when compared to morphometric measures from magnetic resonance imaging

Cited by 40 publications

References 58 publications

Review

Review

Brain tissue volume segmentation in patients with anorexia nervosa before and after weight normalization

The role of leptin in anorexia nervosa: clinical implications

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