Are there interactions and relations between genetic and environmental factors predisposing to high blood pressure?

Williams, Roger R.; Hunt, Stephen; Hasstedt, Sandra J.; Hopkins, P N; Wu, Lily; Berry, Thomas; Stults, Barry M.; Barlow, Gary K.; Schumacher, Mary Catherine; Rp, Lifton

doi:10.1161/01.hyp.18.3_suppl.i29

Cited by 108 publications

(74 citation statements)

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“…48 Thus, these polymorphisms may account for some of the risk posed by FHCHD, and it has been suggested that most familial aggregation of high BP is due to genes rather than shared family environment given that the shared family environment may only account for 7% of the total variance in BP. 12 In conclusion, both overall and central adiposity are important determinants of BP in young children, but the relationship is not modified by a FHCHD. The results, however, should be seen as preliminary given the small sample size.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

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Associations between adiposity, family history of CHD and blood pressure in 3–8 year-old children

2005

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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between overall and central adiposity, a family history of coronary heart disease (FHCHD), and blood pressure (BP) in young children. We were specifically interested in determining whether the relationship between adiposity and BP was modified by a FHCHD. Subjects were 130 (68 males, 62 females) young children (mean age 6.0 years). Indicators of adiposity included the body mass index, waist circumference, skinfold thickness, and body composition determined by dual energy X-ray absorbtiometry (DXA). BP was measured by standard procedures. FHCHD was reported by the parent on a questionnaire. Approximately 19% of the total sample was classified as overweight and almost 50% were classified as prehypertensive (22.4%) or hypertensive (24.8%). In the total sample, 21 of 27 correlations were significant and ranged from 0.03 to 0.52. Correlations for systolic blood pressure appeared to be stronger in female subjects. Most of the correlations for diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure were significant in both sexes and, in general, ranged between 0.30 and 0.50. Overweight status was significantly associated with high BP (crude odds ratio ¼ 3.65, 95% confidence intervals 1.40-9.49). There were no significant associations between a positive FHCHD and BP, and the correlations between BMI, WC, and BP were similar in magnitude in subjects with and without a FHCHD. In conclusion, both overall and central adiposity are important determinants of resting BP in young children. A FHCHD was not associated with BP and nor were the associations between adiposity and BP modified by a FHCHD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…12 The heritability of BP is estimated to be about 30% 13 and a recent genomic scan showed that a number of chromo-somal regions have been identified for the phenotypic expression of BP. 14 Although some regions are specific to BP, other regions also involve obesity, which suggests pleitropy, epistasis, or gene-environment interaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between adiposity, family history of CHD and blood pressure in 3–8 year-old children

2005

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“…[1][2][3] Estimates of the heritability of resting systolic and diastolic blood pressures, based on family studies, are generally in the range of 15% to 35%. In twin studies, heritability estimates of blood pressure are Ϸ60% for males and Ϸ30% to 40% for females.…”

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confidence: 99%

Genetic Determinants of Hypertension

Kotchen

Grim

et al. 2000

Hypertension

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Abstract-Our long-term objective is to identify genes whose expression results in hypertension and in phenotypic changes that may contribute to hypertension. The purpose of the present study was to describe evidence for the heritability of hypertension-related phenotypes in hypertensive, hyperlipidemic black sib pairs. Outpatient anthropomorphic measurements were obtained in Ͼ200 affected sib pairs. In addition, 68 of these sib pairs were studied under controlled, standardized conditions at an inpatient clinical research center while off both antihypertensive and lipid-lowering medications. Heritability was estimated on the basis of sib-sib correlations and with an association model. Higher heritability estimates for blood pressure were observed with multiple measurements averaged over 24 hours than with measurements at a single time point, and heritability estimates for nighttime blood pressures were higher than those for daytime blood pressures. Heritability estimates for several of the phenotypes were augmented by obtaining measurements in response to a standardized stimulus, including (1) blood pressure responses to the assumption of upright posture, standardized psychological stress, and norepinephrine infusion; (2) plasma renin, aldosterone, epinephrine, and cAMP and cGMP responses to the assumption of upright posture; (3) para-aminohippurate and inulin clearances in response to norepinephrine infusion; and (4) plasma arginine vasopressin in response to NaCl infusion. High heritability estimates were also observed for various measures of body size and body fat, left ventricular size, cardiac index, stroke volume, total peripheral resistance, and serum concentrations of LDL and HDL cholesterol and leptin. These heritability estimates identify the hypertension-related phenotypes that may facilitate the identification of specific genetic determinants of hypertension in blacks with hyperlipidemia. (Hypertension. 2000;36:7-13.)Key Words: blacks Ⅲ cholesterol Ⅲ genetics Ⅲ phenotype A doption, twin, and family studies document a significant heritable component to blood pressure levels and hypertension. [1][2][3] Estimates of the heritability of resting systolic and diastolic blood pressures, based on family studies, are generally in the range of 15% to 35%. In twin studies, heritability estimates of blood pressure are Ϸ60% for males and Ϸ30% to 40% for females. 2 A heritable component to salt sensitivity of blood pressure has been described in blacks. 4 A large proportion of the phenotypic variation in blood pressure appears to be inherited as a polygenic trait. 5,6 Our long-term objective is to identify genetic loci and specific genes whose expression results in hypertension and in phenotypic changes that may contribute to hypertension.Blacks are one focus of our studies. In the United States, the prevalence of hypertension is 50% greater in blacks than in whites. 7 In blacks, hypertension appears earlier, is generally more severe, and results in high rates of morbidity and mortality from stroke, heart failure, ...

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“…[1][2][3] In twin studies, heritability estimates of blood pressure are Ϸ60% for men and 30% to 40% for women. [3][4][5] Nevertheless, genetic studies of hypertension in human populations remain challenging because of the likely multiplicity of contributing genes, the modest nature of gene effects, and the genetic heterogeneity among populations.One fruitful approach to identifying genes of hypertension included studies in a limited number of families with early onset of hypertension and other characteristic phenotypes. 6 However, the relevance of these genetic variants to hypertension in the general population remains to be determined.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Family studies controlling for a common environment indicate that blood pressure heritability is in the range of 15% to 35%. [1][2][3] In twin studies, heritability estimates of blood pressure are Ϸ60% for men and 30% to 40% for women. [3][4][5] Nevertheless, genetic studies of hypertension in human populations remain challenging because of the likely multiplicity of contributing genes, the modest nature of gene effects, and the genetic heterogeneity among populations.…”

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confidence: 99%

Identification of Hypertension-Related QTLs in African American Sib Pairs

et al. 2002

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Abstract-To link hypertension-related phenotypes with chromosomal loci, genome scans were performed in 150 African American sib pairs concordant for essential hypertension. Phenotypes included blood pressure, anthropomorphic measurements, and estimates of body fluid compartments as determined by impedance plethysmography. These phenotypes were also measured in 335 normotensive African Americans. Phenotypes with LOD scores Ͼ3.3 were further evaluated for significance by use of permutation procedures. Significant linkage was detected for body mass index (BMI) on chromosomes 1 and 8 and for the ratio of extracellular water to total body water (ECF/TBW) on chromosomes 3, 5, 6, and 7. Both BMI and ECF/TBW were greater in hypertensive sibs than in normotensive subjects (PϽ0.001). In a subset of hypertensive sibs and normotensive subjects, average 24-hour blood pressures were correlated with ECF/TBW (PϽ0.01). A region linked to BMI in the hypertensive sibs corresponds to a region of conserved synteny containing blood pressure-related QTLs in an F2 cross of Brown NorwayϫDahl salt-sensitive rats. Focusing on hypertension-related phenotypes is a promising approach for identifying the genetic determinants of hypertension. Key Words: blacks Ⅲ body mass index Ⅲ comparative mapping Ⅲ genome scan Ⅲ plethysmography A doption, twin, and family studies document a significant heritable component to blood pressure levels and to hypertension. Family studies controlling for a common environment indicate that blood pressure heritability is in the range of 15% to 35%. [1][2][3] In twin studies, heritability estimates of blood pressure are Ϸ60% for men and 30% to 40% for women. [3][4][5] Nevertheless, genetic studies of hypertension in human populations remain challenging because of the likely multiplicity of contributing genes, the modest nature of gene effects, and the genetic heterogeneity among populations.One fruitful approach to identifying genes of hypertension included studies in a limited number of families with early onset of hypertension and other characteristic phenotypes. 6 However, the relevance of these genetic variants to hypertension in the general population remains to be determined. Association study approaches have included the study of candidate genes and genes identified from whole-genome linkage scans. Polymorphisms within a relatively large number of candidate genes have been tested for association with hypertension, and the results have been inconsistent. 7 The development of thousands of microsatellite genetic markers has made whole-genome scans feasible. There are several recent reports of genome-wide scans in diverse populations attempting to link either blood pressure itself or a clinical diagnosis of hypertension to specific chromosomal loci. 8 -19 These studies have included sib pairs concordant for hypertension, as well as siblings who are extremely divergent for blood pressure. Although evidence for linkage of blood pressure with specific chromosomal regions has been observed in individual studies, resu...

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Are there interactions and relations between genetic and environmental factors predisposing to high blood pressure?

Cited by 108 publications

References 0 publications

Associations between adiposity, family history of CHD and blood pressure in 3–8 year-old children

Associations between adiposity, family history of CHD and blood pressure in 3–8 year-old children

Genetic Determinants of Hypertension

Identification of Hypertension-Related QTLs in African American Sib Pairs

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