“…As such, the fact that previously predictable words were facilitated downstream suggests that the effects of misprediction were only temporary because these expectations subsequently lingered to impact processing. The idea that the processing consequences of misprediction are short-lived could account for why evidence of prediction error costs across previous eyemovement studies has been inconsistent, and generally elusive, during the immediate processing of unexpected input (Andrews et al, 2022;Cevoli et al, 2022;Frisson et al, 2017;Luke & Christianson, 2016;Wong et al, 2022). Accordingly, it raises the possibility that readers' expectations could also remain active downstream in the eye-movement record even if they are disconfirmed by unexpected input.…”