Are there differences in running economy at different velocities for well-trained distance runners?

Helgerud, Jan; Støren, Øyvind; Hoff, Jan

doi:10.1007/s00421-009-1218-z

Cited by 68 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…(2.40) applies also to running was obtained by Tam et al (2012) on top-level marathon runners from Kenya, who were able to run in submaximal condition at speeds up to 20 km h −1 (Fig. 2.13): and that it was a clear effect of C d is also demonstrated by the results of Helgerud et al (2010), who found no differences in C as a function of v h during treadmill running at similar speeds to those of Tam et al (2012).…”

Section: Energy Cost Of Locomotionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Aerobic Metabolism and the Steady-State Concept

Ferretti

2015

Energetics of Muscular Exercise

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This chapter contains an analysis of the steady-state concept, as it is applied during light exercise. In this case, oxygen consumption increases upon exercise onset to attain a steady level, which can be maintained for a long period of time. The steady-state oxygen consumption is proportional to the exerted mechanical power. Under these circumstances, there is neither accumulation of lactate in blood nor changes in muscle phosphocreatine concentration: aerobic metabolism sustains the entire energy requirement of the exercising body. Once the steady state has been attained, the flow of oxygen is the same at all levels along the respiratory system. The quantitative relations determining the flow of oxygen across the alveoli and in blood are discussed. Special attention is given to the effects of ventilation-perfusion inequality and to the diffusion-perfusion interaction equations. The cardiovascular responses at exercise steady state are analysed in the context of the equilibrium between systemic oxygen delivery and systemic oxygen return. The relationship between oxygen consumption and power is discussed, along with the distinction between external and internal work during cycling. The concepts of mechanical efficiency of exercise and energy cost of locomotion are analysed. Concerning the latter, the distinction between aerodynamic work and frictional work is introduced. The roles of the cross-sectional surface area on the frontal plane and of air density in aerodynamic work are discussed. To end with, an equation linking ventilation, circulation and metabolism at exercise in a tight manner is developed, around the notion that the homeostasis of the respiratory system at exercise is maintained around given values of the constant oxygen return. This equation tells that, as long as we are during steady-state exercise in normoxia, any increase in the exercise metabolic rate requires an increase in ventilation that is proportional to that in oxygen consumption only if the pulmonary respiratory quotient stays invariant does not change, and an increase in cardiac output that is not proportional to the corresponding increase in oxygen consumption. At intense exercise, when lactate accumulation also occurs and hyperventilation superimposes, a new steady state would be attained only at P A CO 2 values lower than 40 mmHg: the homeostasis of the respiratory system would be modified. This new steady state, however, is never attained in fact, for reasons that are discussed in Chap. 3.

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Section: Energy Cost Of Locomotionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Aerobic Metabolism and the Steady-State Concept

Ferretti

2015

Energetics of Muscular Exercise

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“…Running economy, measured at submaximal velocities, is representative of race velocities at distances of over 10,000 m (Helgerud, Støren, & Hoff, 2010); therefore, no change in running economy during competition should be anticipated. The unchanged step frequency and the lack of differences between observed ground reaction forces coincide with the finding that running economy remains unchanged between the sh and On conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of a new sole geometry while running

Knoepfli-Lenzin

Waech

Gülay

et al. 2014

Journal of Sports Sciences

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Running shoe construction influences the forces experienced by the human body while running. The aim of this study was to ascertain whether the new sole architecture of the On running shoe reduces ground reaction forces compared with running barefoot or with a conventional running shoe and whether it changes the physiological parameters of running in shoes. Thirty-seven trained male participants were studied while running at submaximal speeds wearing their conventional running shoe, wearing the On running shoe and while barefoot. Additional biomechanical and physiological values were investigated to determine whether the On running shoe induced any changes in these parameters compared with conventional running shoes. The On exhibited similar ground reaction forces as conventional shoes, and these were different from the forces experienced while running barefoot, showing that the On was more similar to typical shoed running. No difference was observed in running economy between the On and a conventional shoe model. However, a slightly lower heart rate (HR) (≈1.3%) and blood lactate concentration (≈5.5%) were observed during submaximal running with the On running shoe compared with a conventional running shoe, as well as a greater lateral deviation of the centre of pressure mid-stance. The ramifications of the reduced HR and blood lactate concentration for competitive performance are unknown.

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“…The results of this study showed that inter-individual variability in pre-competition anxiety was considerable among the golfers. Lastly, in one study on running, inter-individual variability was also shown in the oxygen cost of running in well-trained distance runners (±7.1% in male runners and ±5.2% in female runners) (Helgerud et al, 2010). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter-individual Variability in Soccer Players of Different Age Groups Playing Different Positions

Nikolaidis

Ziv

Lidor

et al. 2014

Journal of Human Kinetics

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The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to profile physical characteristics and motor abilities of three age groups of soccer players – under 14 years, 14–17, and over 17, playing different positions – goalkeepers, defenders, midfielders, and forwards; and (b) to examine the inter-individual variability among the players in each age group in all physical and physiological measurements performed in the study. In addition, anthropometric, power, strength, and flexibility tests were administered. Findings showed large inter-individual variability in all three age groups and in all playing positions. Differences between playing positions were found only in the 14–17 group (body mass) and in the over-17 group (body height, body mass, fat-free mass, and mean power in the Wingate Anaerobic Test). Due to the observed large inter-individual variability, it was concluded that the findings obtained in the physical and physiological tests should be interpreted with caution when attempting to differentiate between successful and unsuccessful soccer players, as well as when trying to predict future success in soccer.

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Are there differences in running economy at different velocities for well-trained distance runners?

Cited by 68 publications

References 21 publications

Aerobic Metabolism and the Steady-State Concept

Aerobic Metabolism and the Steady-State Concept

The influence of a new sole geometry while running

Inter-individual Variability in Soccer Players of Different Age Groups Playing Different Positions

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