Are there cultural limits to tourism?

The development of indicators for sustainable tourism: results of a Delphi survey of tourism researchers

“…Linstone & Simmonds (1977:24) in addition wrote that the "key weakness in Delphi analysis has always been that certain questions were not asked; they did not seem important when the study started". To counter this problem the research conducted a thorough literature review and filtered indicators developed primarily by the United Nations (UN 1996) and WTO (1993WTO ( , 1995 with additional input from other organisations and authors (OECD 1991, Craik 1995, Payne 1993, Harris and Nelson 1993, Hart 1996, Hughes 1996, Peterson 1997) through a series of questions derived from the objectives of the research (see table 1). This technique of developing research criteria and then using these to screen the body of potential indicators mirrors the approach adopted by the CSD (Mortensen 1997).…”

A human ecological approach to tourism interactions

“…Categories are developed as follows:`Highly disproportionate';`Disproportionate';`Acceptable', implying that the number of tourists is at a level conducive to tourist-local relations; and`Optimal', implying a preferred number of tourists within the destination. The point is that there is a level beyond which a majority of the local population feel there are too many tourists (Craik, 1995), although it is accepted that there is rarely complete agreement within any community over what the critical level might be.…”

“…Finally, although much of the focus of this paper has been on human±ecological relationships, implicit within the argument and discussion has been the importance of human±human relationships, echoing Craik's (1995) call for the inclusion of social considerations into the sustainable tourism debate. In the future, all of the various stakeholders (the tourism industry and other industries, local people and tourists) that prosper directly from the resources of a community or destination, will have to collectively determine how to temper this desire for prosperity with the purpose of ensuring sustainable tourism development.…”

Exploring the Economic Sustainability of the Small Tourism Enterprise: A Case Study of Tobago

“…Of note is that theISTS were drawn from a number of published indicators frameworks and lists (WTO 1995;Craik 1995;Pantin 1999;Weaver and Oppermann 2000;Association of Caribbean States 2000;Caribbean Tourism Organization 2000;Miller 2001a). Specifically, this paper examines economic sustainability indicators such as management training, access to finance, business performance, financial leakages and sectoral linkages, and employment both in terms of quality and quantity.…”