Are There Any Significant Differences in Terms of Age and Sex in Pedestrian and Cyclist Accidents?

Abstract

This study has analyzed sex-specific differences in pedestrian and cyclist accidents involving passenger cars. The most frequently injured body regions, types of injuries, which show sex-specific differences and the general accident parameters of females and males were compared. Accident data from three different European countries (Austria, Netherlands, Sweden) were analyzed. The current analysis shows that for both, females and males, pedestrian and cyclist injuries are sustained mainly to the body regions head, thorax, upper extremities and lower extremities. The results show that the odds for sustaining skeletal injuries to the lower extremities (incl. pelvis) in females are significantly higher. It was observed in all datasets, that the odds of females being involved in a rural accident or an accident at night are lower than for males. Elderly pedestrian and cyclist (≥60YO) tend to sustain more severe injuries (AIS2+ and AIS3+) than younger pedestrian and cyclists (<60YO) in some of the datasets. The findings of this study highlight the differences in males and females in both, accident scenarios and sustained injuries. Further investigations are needed to distinguish between gender- and sex-specific differences causing the different injury patterns.

Holistic pedestrian safety assessment for average males and females

“…The differences in body shape, CoG and joint heights between the 50F and 50 M cause differences in the impact kinematics, impact locations of the different body parts and resulting injury risks as shown in Figure 8 , where the impact location of the hip and head are compared between the two models. In accordance with field data studies ( 32 ), a higher proximal femur fracture risk was observed in the simulations with the 50F compared to the 50 M (48% vs. 18% overall risk in the baseline cases). While the femur head of the 50F model hits directly the BLE for an impact at 40 km/h, the femur head of the 50 M hits the bonnet at a later stage and more horizontal angle ( Figure 8 ).…”

“…By comparing the field data with the predicted injuries, it was seen that, when comparing the data to in-depth databases which include more serious and fatal injuries [e.g., RAIDS database ( 74 )], the prediction is much more in line with the field data. Additionally, the distribution of injuries for the different body regions on AIS2+ level (lower extremities followed by the head and thorax) is in line with several studies ( 26 , 32 , 75 , 76 ), with respect that upper extremity injuries have not been evaluated in this study.…”

“…Furthermore, legform impactors have only been designed to represent the average male stature. This is a shortcoming, as studies on real-world data have shown significant differences in injury patterns between males and females ( 32 , 33 ). For example, it was found that the odds of sustaining skeletal injuries to the lower extremities (incl.…”

Evaluation of Medico-Legal Implications and Other Important Issues in Pedestrians Who Got Admitted to a Tertiary Care Hospital in Colombo District Following Road Traffic Injuries in 2018-2020

“…Previous studies had discussed sexspecific differences. [8] (Table 01) Not only has sex been identified as a factor, but age has also been identified as a significant factor in determining the severity of injuries. Thus, it is emphasized that not only sex but also age, is a factor in determining the severity of pedestrian injuries in this study.…”

Hello, world! VIVA+: A human body model lineup to evaluate sex-differences in crash protection

“…Another recent study shows that females are at a higher risk for moderate-severity injuries, especially in the extremities, even when differences in crash and vehicle type are considered ( Brumbelow and Jermakian, 2022 ). Sex-differences in injury patterns are also seen in vulnerable road users (VRU) crashes ( Leo et al, 2021 ). The reasons for these sex-differences are not apparent from the field data analyses.…”