Are there any clinical indications for measuring IgG subclasses?

Maguire, GA; Kumararatne, D. S.; Joyce, HJ

doi:10.1258/000456302760042678

Cited by 50 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…IgG1, which constitutes approximately 60% of IgGt (31,32), showed responses directed to almost all tested S. aureus antigens, similar to results obtained for IgGt (Fig. 1A).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…However, IgGt is composed of 4 different subclasses, each with distinct biological functions and induction patterns (31). IgG1 responses, which represent approximately 60% of IgGt, are directed primarily against proteins.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IgG4 antibodies are reported to not activate or weakly activate complement via the classical pathway, in contrast to IgG1 antibodies. Furthermore, IgG4 antibodies are correlated with tolerance after allergy (31,33,34), they have a low binding affinity to Fc receptors on phagocytes, and IgG4-mediated opsonophagocytosis is reportedly less efficient than IgG1-mediated opsonophagocytosis (35).…”

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confidence: 99%

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IgG4 Subclass-Specific Responses to Staphylococcus aureus Antigens Shed New Light on Host-Pathogen Interaction

et al. 2015

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f IgG4 responses are considered indicative for long-term or repeated exposure to particular antigens. Therefore, studying IgG4-specific antibody responses against Staphylococcus aureus might generate new insights into the respective host-pathogen interactions and the microbial virulence factors involved. Using a bead-based flow cytometry assay, we determined total IgG (IgGt), IgG1, and IgG4 antibody responses to 40 different S. aureus virulence factors in sera from healthy persistent nasal carriers, healthy persistent noncarriers, and patients with various staphylococcal infections from three distinct countries. IgGt responses were detected against all tested antigens. These were mostly IgG1 responses. In contrast, IgG4 antibodies were detected to alphatoxin, chemotaxis inhibitory protein of S. aureus (CHIPS), exfoliative toxins A and B (ETA and -B), HlgB, IsdA, LukD, -E, -F, and -S, staphylococcal complement inhibitor (SCIN), staphylococcal enterotoxin C (SEC), staphylococcal superantigen-like proteins 1, 3, 5, and 9 (SSL1, -3, -5, and -9), and toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1) only. Large interpatient variability was observed, and the type of infection or geographical location did not reveal conserved patterns of response. As persistent S. aureus carriers trended toward IgG4 responses to a larger number of antigens than persistent noncarriers, we also investigated sera from patients with epidermolysis bullosa (EB), a genetic blistering disease associated with high S. aureus carriage rates. EB patients responded immunologically to significantly more antigens than noncarriers and trended toward even more responses than carriers. Altogether, we conclude that the IgG4 responses against a restricted panel of staphylococcal antigens consisting primarily of immune modulators and particular toxins indicate important roles for these virulence factors in staphylococcal pathogen-host interactions, such as chronicity of colonization and/or (subclinical) infections.

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“…IgG1, which constitutes approximately 60% of IgGt (31,32), showed responses directed to almost all tested S. aureus antigens, similar to results obtained for IgGt (Fig. 1A).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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IgG4 Subclass-Specific Responses to Staphylococcus aureus Antigens Shed New Light on Host-Pathogen Interaction

et al. 2015

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“…These isomers differ in a branch that binds galactose, and it has been suggested that their ratio reflects a difference between IgG subclasses [19,20]. IgG subclasses have different properties and their activities depend on the type of antigen [21]. Thus oligosaccharide alterations associated with IgG subclass may be critical.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of altered N-glycan profiles in whole serum from rheumatoid arthritis patients

Nakagawa

Hato

Takegawa

et al. 2007

Journal of Chromatography B

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Altered N-glycosylation occurs in many diseases. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), for example, reduction in galactose residues in IgG and an increase in fucose residues in α1-acid glycoprotein have been observed. To further analysis of N-glycans in disease, we show N-glycan profiling from whole serum employing reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography/negative-ion mode by sonic spray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry with pyridylamination. Profiles from female 15 RA patients and 18 aged-matched healthy women were compared. The most significant change seen in RA was decreased levels of mono-galactosyl bi-antennary N-glycans, in agreement with previous reports regarding IgG.We also show previously unreported differences between isomers and increased tri-antennary oligosaccharides. These results indicate that LC-MS analysis of whole serum N-glycans can identify N-glycan alterations in RA and that this is a promising method both for studies of RA mechanisms and diagnosis.

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“…However, this study now clearly shows that an antibody response deficiency may exist even in bronchiectasis patients with normal total immunoglobulin levels. Therefore, measurement of IgA and IgG subclass levels cannot be used as a substitute for a specific antibody response estimation [25]. Consequently, it is advocated that (pneumococcal) vaccination is used to reveal specific antibody response deficiencies in apparently normal total immunoglobulin subclasses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired pneumococcal antibody response in bronchiectasis of unknown aetiology

Kessel

Velzen‐Blad²,

Bosch³

et al. 2005

Eur Respir J

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As a defective anti-polysaccharide response can exist in the absence of an immunoglobulin deficiency, a series of 26 patients with bronchiectasis of unknown aetiology was vaccinated with a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. All patients suffered from recurrent respiratory tract infections.When measuring total antibody levels to pneumococcal serotypes 3, 4 and 9, a normal polysaccharide antibody response was found in 22 patients. However, only 11 of these subjects showed a normal pneumococcal antibody response within the IgA and/or IgG2 subclass, and thus could be classified as true responders, while 15 patients did not respond in either the IgA class or in the IgG2 subclass.When analysing differences between the responder (n511) and nonresponder (n515) groups, the latter demonstrated higher frequencies of respiratory tract infections and more severe lung pathology, as revealed by the presence of more bronchi visualised in the peripheral third of the lung by high-resolution computed tomography scanning. Moreover, nonresponders needed extensive lung surgery more often in order to control their disease (number of resected segments eight versus five).In conclusion, an important fraction of patients presenting with idiopathic bronchiectasis is associated with a selective anti-polysaccharide response deficiency and this subgroup appears to represent a more severe clinical phenotype. Therefore, it can be regarded as a separate clinical entity with possible therapeutic targets.In order to identify IgA and IgG2 anti-polysaccharide nonresponders, all patients presenting with bronchiectasis of unkown aetiology should be immunised with a pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, and IgA and IgG2 isotype responses should be evaluated as well as the total antibody response.

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Are there any clinical indications for measuring IgG subclasses?

Cited by 50 publications

References 15 publications

IgG4 Subclass-Specific Responses to Staphylococcus aureus Antigens Shed New Light on Host-Pathogen Interaction

IgG4 Subclass-Specific Responses to Staphylococcus aureus Antigens Shed New Light on Host-Pathogen Interaction

Detection of altered N-glycan profiles in whole serum from rheumatoid arthritis patients

Impaired pneumococcal antibody response in bronchiectasis of unknown aetiology

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