Are the solutions of stress inversion correct? Visualization of their reliability and the separation of stresses from heterogeneous fault-slip data

Yamaji, Atsushi

doi:10.1016/s0191-8141(02)00021-4

Cited by 52 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The technique identifies paleostresses from heterogeneous fault slip data in the absence of any a priori information on the stresses themselves or on the faults. The details of the technique are described by Yamaji [2000a, 2000b, 2003] and examples of applications to real field cases are given by, e.g., Yamaji [2000b] and Yamada and Yamaji [2002]. The MIM software was also used to verify, by means of unsupervised procedures, the validity of stress inversion computations obtained in this study through the subjective sorting of the total fault slip data set.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Results of the multi‐inversion method of Yamaji [2003] run on a data set containing (top) the steep strike‐slip fractures of sets I and II and (bottom) the same with the addition of top‐to‐the‐north, NW thrusts. Results from the direct inversion and PBT methods applied separately to the two data sets are confirmed, with two distinct shortening episodes oriented NNW‐SSE and NNE‐SSW, respectively.…”

Section: Stress Inversion From Field‐derived Fault Slip Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Unraveling 1.5 Ga of brittle deformation history in the Laxemar‐Simpevarp area, southeast Sweden: A contribution to the Swedish site investigation study for the disposal of highly radioactive nuclear waste

2009

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The Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company (SKB) is undertaking site investigation at two locations in Sweden, Forsmark and Laxemar‐Simpevarp, with the aim of identifying a suitable area for the construction of a deep repository for the disposal of highly radioactive nuclear waste. Fault slip data from outcrops and oriented drill cores were used to compute paleostress states and to unravel the sites' brittle deformation history. Results from the Laxemar‐Simpevarp area show that its suggested brittle history results from multiple reactivation of fracture and fault sets caused by the many orogenic episodes that affected the region during at least 1.5 Ga of geological evolution in the brittle deformational regime. Two compressional, approximately NW/NNW‐SE/SSE and NNE‐SSW oriented shortening events generated sets of conjugate, steep strike‐slip fractures. These sets formed during the late stages of the Svecokarelian and possibly also of the Gothian orogeny, soon after the region entered the brittle deformation domain. The Mesoproterozoic Sveconorwegian orogeny generated fractures and faults that are assigned to a third set of conjugate strike‐slip faults, which constrain an approximately E‐W σ1. The Caledonian shortening, oriented approximately NW‐SE to E‐W, reactivated the latter but also formed a new, similarly oriented set of subvertical strike‐slip fractures. Permian transtension was oriented NW‐SW and caused a prominent set of moderately dipping NW‐SE trending normal faults in the Precambrian basement of the study area. Two other approximately NW‐SW and NW‐SE oriented shortening events are recorded in Ordovician limestones and can be tentatively linked to the far‐field effects of the Laramide and Alpine orogenies.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stress Inversion From Field‐derived Fault Slip Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling 1.5 Ga of brittle deformation history in the Laxemar‐Simpevarp area, southeast Sweden: A contribution to the Swedish site investigation study for the disposal of highly radioactive nuclear waste

2009

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“…Paleostress analyses highlighted that the separation of a heterogeneous dataset into spatially and temporally homogeneous subsets is fundamental to avoid artefacts in stress solutions: such computed solutions can only represent a compromise between different homogeneous subsets and hence are inconsistent with the actual stress field (e.g., Célérier et al, 2012). Automatic and interactive separations to obtain homogeneous subsets have been performed for paleostresses (e.g., Armijo and Cisternas, 1978;Angelier, 1979;Angelier and Manoussis, 1980;Etchecopar et al, 1981;Etchecopar, 1984;Mercier and Carey-Gailhardis, 1989;Yamaji, 2000Yamaji, , 2003. However, such automatic methods may give rise to serious artefacts (Angelier, 1984;Lisle and Vandycke, 1996;Delvaux and Sperner, 2003;Liesa and Lisle, 2004;Sperner and Zweigel, 2010).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volcano-tectonic interactions revealed by inversion of focal mechanisms: stress field insight around and beneath the VatnajÃ¶kull ice cap in Iceland

et al. 2014

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Volcano-tectonic processes in the central part of Iceland, covered by the Vatnajökull glacier, are investigated by inversion of focal mechanisms. Working on a large catalog of focal mechanisms determined by the Icelandic Meteorological Office (IMO), we used a damped regional-scale stress inversion method to obtain an insight of kilometric variations of the stress field. To evaluate the resolution and the stability of this stress field solution, we computed checkerboard tests, stress field models and error propagation tests. Stress field models showed a continuous stress regime between normal and strike-slip faulting, associated with a high stress shape ratio (i.e., σ 1 ≈ σ 2 ). Two main directions of σ hmin were evidenced: the first one was in agreement with the regional spreading direction of Iceland and the second one was deviated, being almost perpendicular to the first one. The deviated stress direction is sustained through the 20 year time-span of the study around the Bárðarbunga and Grimsvötn central volcanoes while the spreading direction remains predominant around the Hamarinn volcano. This result supports the hypothesis that this volcano lacks collapse caldera and shares a fissure swarm with the larger Bárðarbunga volcano. On a smaller temporal scale, during the 1996 volcanic crisis, a bimodal distribution of σ hmin showed two opposite strike-slip regimes where the deviated direction dominated. Because these two states of stress T1 and T2 show stress regimes away from the Andersonian positions, P, B, and T axes, the rapid flip between these two regimes may be associated with the progressive melt intrusion of a dyke.

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“…Numerical inversion analysis yields the relative magnitudes and orientations of the three principal stress axes σ1, σ2, and σ3, with σ1 ≥ σ2 ≥ σ3 (compressional stress considered as positive), as well as the Φ ratio between differential stress magnitudes (Φ = (σ2 -σ3)/(σ1 -σ3); 0 ≤ Φ ≤ 1). For further discussion on the method of determining paleostress orientations using fault-slip data, the reader is referred to Carey and Brunier (1974), Etchecopar et al (1981), Angelier (1989Angelier ( , 1989Angelier ( , 1994, Guiraud et al (1989), Dupin et al (1993), and Yamaji (2003).…”

Section: Methods Of Paleostress Reconstructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstruction of Taconian and Acadian paleostress regimes in the Quebec and northern New Brunswick Appalachians

Faure¹,

Tremblay²,

Malo³

2004

Can. J. Earth Sci.

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A numerical analysis of fault populations was applied in the Quebec and northern New Brunswick Appalachians to characterize paleostress fields attributed to the Taconian and Acadian orogenies. The first brittle deformation documented in the external domain of the Humber Zone is associated with the thin-skinned tectonics of the Taconian orogen. The Taconian brittle deformation, characterized by north-south to NE-SW reverse conjugated brittle faults, evolved under a pure shear compressional regime (vertical σ3 axes) with σ1 axes oriented ESE-WNW. The ENE-WSW dextral and NW-SE sinistral faults that are observed in the St.Lawrence Lowlands are also attributed to Taconian compression. The first brittle deformation recognized in the Dunnage Zone and the Gaspé Belt is attributed to an ESE-WNW compression during the Acadian Orogeny. In the Dunnage Zone of southern Quebec, the Acadian paleostress axes are similar to the directions of σ1 axes and to the pure shear compressional regime computed for the Silurian and Devonian rocks of the Gaspé Belt. In the Gaspé Peninsula, the Acadian stresses are oriented ESE-WNW and are mechanically compatible with transpressional regimes. Reverse brittle faults and pure shear stress are identified along regional and secondary sets of NE-SW brittle faults, whereas a strike-slip stress regime is reconstructed along major east-west faults. In the Humber Zone of the Quebec Appalachians, a second compression is identified. It is characterized by conjugate ENE-WSW dextral and NW-SE sinistral strike-slip faults that crosscut Taconian thrust faults. This late deformation event is attributed to a distal expression of the Acadian Orogeny. 634Résumé : Les contraintes taconiennes et acadiennes reliées aux failles cassantes ont été reconstituées dans les Appalaches du Québec et du nord du Nouveau-Brunswick. La première phase de déformation cassante reconnue dans le domaine externe de la zone de Humber est associée à la tectonique plicative de faible profondeur de l'orogenèse taconienne. Elle est caractérisée par des failles cassantes N-S à NE-SO, inverses et conjuguées, formées en cisaillement pur (axes σ3 verticaux) sous des axes σ1 orientés ESE-ONO. Les failles de décrochement observées dans la plate-forme du Saint-Laurent sont aussi corrélées à la compression taconienne. La première phase de déformation cassante reconnue dans la zone de Dunnage et la Ceinture de Gaspé est attribuée à l'orogenèse acadienne et à une compression également orientée ESE-ONO. Dans la zone de Dunnage du sud du Québec, les paléocontraintes acadiennes reconstituées sont similaires aux directions des axes σ1 et au régime en cisaillement pur identifiés dans la Ceinture de Gaspé. En Gaspésie, les contraintes acadiennes sont orientées ESE-ONO et sont compatibles avec un régime en transpression. Des failles inverses et des contraintes en cisaillement pur sont reconnues le long des failles régionales et secondaires NE-SO, alors que des failles décrochantes et un régime en décrochement sont documentés le long des failles régionale...

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Are the solutions of stress inversion correct? Visualization of their reliability and the separation of stresses from heterogeneous fault-slip data

Cited by 52 publications

References 25 publications

Unraveling 1.5 Ga of brittle deformation history in the Laxemar‐Simpevarp area, southeast Sweden: A contribution to the Swedish site investigation study for the disposal of highly radioactive nuclear waste

Unraveling 1.5 Ga of brittle deformation history in the Laxemar‐Simpevarp area, southeast Sweden: A contribution to the Swedish site investigation study for the disposal of highly radioactive nuclear waste

Volcano-tectonic interactions revealed by inversion of focal mechanisms: stress field insight around and beneath the VatnajÃ¶kull ice cap in Iceland

Reconstruction of Taconian and Acadian paleostress regimes in the Quebec and northern New Brunswick Appalachians

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